Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35203846›Full record

ArticleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2022

Inappropriate Antibiotic Use in Zimbabwe in the COVID-19 Era: A Perfect Recipe for Antimicrobial Resistance.

Itai Chitungo, Tafadzwa Dzinamarira, Tinashe K Nyazika, Helena Herrera, Godfrey Musuka, Grant Murewanhema

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Carbapenem-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
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  10. Observational
  11. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Itai ChitungoChemical Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.ORCID 0000-0001-6306-8916
Tafadzwa DzinamariraSchool of Health Systems & Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-9929-5739
Tinashe K NyazikaDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-0367-4265
Helena HerreraSchool of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2UP, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-0107-8128
Godfrey MusukaSchool of Health Systems & Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0001-9077-4429
Grant MurewanhemaUnit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Primary Health Care Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.ORCID 0000-0001-7531-730X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The global COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an upsurge in antimicrobial use. The increase in use is multifactorial, and is particularly related to the empirical treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and suspected coinfections with antimicrobials and the limited quality of diagnostics to differentiate viral and bacterial pneumonia. The lack of clear clinical guidelines across a wide range of settings, and the inadequacy of public health sectors in many countries, have contributed to this pattern. The increased use of antimicrobials has the potential to increase incidences of antimicrobial resistance, especially in low-resource countries such as Zimbabwe already grappling with multidrug-resistant micro-organism strains. By adopting the antimicrobial stewardship principles of the correct prescription and optimised use of antimicrobials, as well as diagnostic stewardship, revamping regulatory oversight of antimicrobial surveillance may help limit the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance during this pandemic.

Indexed as

antimicrobial resistanceantimicrobial stewardshipCOVID-19

Identifiers

PMID35203846
PMCPMC8868384

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.