ArticleCell2022
Germinal center responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in healthy and immunocompromised individuals.
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Article in Cell, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 132 papers.
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132citing papers in PubMed
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Who cites it
132 citing papers in PubMed.
- T cell immunomonitoring: a comparative analysis of traditional and novel methods to quantify and characterize human antigen-specific T cells.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Targeting T follicular helper cells for lifelong health.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- Impact of COVID-19 Vaccination on Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Receiving First-Line Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: Real-World Evidence from Romania.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- mRNA-based influenza vaccine expands the B cell response breadth in humans.Nature immunology · 2026Observational
- Viral Vaccine Adjuvant Strategies for Shaping Durable Immunity Across the Human Lifespan.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Review
- SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination elicit distinct pharyngeal mucosal B cell responses in children.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- More than just a delivery system.Nature reviews. Chemistry · 2026Article
- Immunological memory to vaccines.Immunity · 2026Review
- New Diagnosis of B-cell Follicular Lymphoma Temporally Associated With Routine Vaccination: A Report of Two Cases.Cureus · 2026Article
- Sex differences in vaccine-induced immunity in mice immunized with integrase-defective lentiviral vector delivering the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Distinct components of mRNA vaccines cooperate to instruct efficient germinal center responses.Cell · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2-specific B cell responses in non-draining lymph nodes and antibody functionalities in immunized end-stage renal disease patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Tfh2 and a subset of Tfh1 cells associate with antibody-mediated immunity to malaria.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Establishing long-lasting vaccine immunity: insights from mRNA and adjuvanted protein platforms.NPJ vaccines · 2025Review
- A Review of the Effects of Ipsilateral or Contralateral Vaccine Boosting on the Adaptive Immune Response.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Early lymph node T follicular helper cell signalling hub drives influenza vaccine response in an ancestrally diverse cohort.EBioMedicine · 2025Article
72 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
32 authors.
Katlyn LedererInstitute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Emily BettiniInstitute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Kalpana ParvathaneniInstitute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA; Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Mark M PainterInstitute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.
Divyansh AgarwalDepartment of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Kendall A LundgreenDepartment of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Madison WeirickInstitute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Kavitha MuralidharanInstitute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA; Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Diana CastañoGrupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia 050010, Colombia.
Rishi R GoelInstitute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.
Xiaoming XuInstitute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Elizabeth M DrapeauInstitute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Sigrid GoumaInstitute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Jordan T OrtInstitute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Moses AwofolajuInstitute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Allison R GreenplateInstitute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.
Carole Le CozInstitute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Neil RombergInstitute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Jennifer Trofe-ClarkDepartment of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Gregory MalatDepartment of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Lisa JonesDepartment of Radiology, Division of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Mark RosenDepartment of Radiology, Division of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Daniela WeiskopfCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Alessandro SetteCenter for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Behdad BesharatianDepartment of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Mary KaminiskiDepartment of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Scott E HensleyInstitute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Paul BatesDepartment of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
E John WherryInstitute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.
Ali NajiInstitute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Electronic address: ali.naji@pennmedicine.upenn.edu.
Vijay BhojInstitute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA; Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Electronic address: vbhoj@pennmedicine.upenn.edu.
Michela LocciInstitute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Electronic address: michela.locci@pennmedicine.upenn.edu.
Funding
Virology CoreU19AI082630 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI GEORG Michael LAUER · 2009 to 2026
$48.1MLipid nanoparticles as novel adjuvants inducing effective T follicular helper cell and humoral immune responsesR01AI153064 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Michela Locci, Norbert Pardi · 2020 to 2026
$4.2MDevelopment of Universal Influenza Virus Vaccines Using Nucleoside-Modified Messenger RNAR01AI146101 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI PARDI, NORBERT · 2019 to 2023
$3.1MDevelopment of vaccines targeting a tick-borne phlebovirusR01AI152236 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI BATES, PAUL · 2020 to 2024
$3.0MPromoter interactome-aided mapping of unexplored CVID genetic landscapesR01AI146026 · NIAID · CHILDREN'S HOSP OF PHILADELPHIA · PI ROMBERG, NEIL DAVID · 2019 to 2023
$2.9MCytokine regulation of T follicular helper (Tfh) cell biologyR01AI123738 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI LOCCI, MICHELA · 2017 to 2021
$2.0MA VSV vectored vaccine for emergent tick-born phlebovirusesR21AI142638 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI BATES, PAUL · 2020 to 2021
$446kNIAID NIH HHS R01 AI123738NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI146026NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI146101NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI152236NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI153064NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI142638NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI082630
Abstract
Vaccine-mediated immunity often relies on the generation of protective antibodies and memory B cells, which commonly stem from germinal center (GC) reactions. An in-depth comparison of the GC responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in healthy and immunocompromised individuals has not yet been performed due to the challenge of directly probing human lymph nodes. Herein, through a fine-needle aspiration-based approach, we profiled the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in lymph nodes of healthy individuals and kidney transplant recipients (KTXs). We found that, unlike healthy subjects, KTXs presented deeply blunted SARS-CoV-2-specific GC B cell responses coupled with severely hindered T follicular helper cell, SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain-specific memory B cell, and neutralizing antibody responses. KTXs also displayed reduced SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell frequencies. Broadly, these data indicate impaired GC-derived immunity in immunocompromised individuals and suggest a GC origin for certain humoral and memory B cell responses following mRNA vaccination.
Indexed as
fine-needle aspirationgerminal center B cellsgerminal centersimmunocompromisedkidney transplant recipientsmemory B cellsmRNA vaccinesneutralizing antibodiesSARS-CoV-2T follicular helper cells
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