ArticleJournal of clinical laboratory analysis2022
Comparative diagnostic utility of metagenomic next-generation sequencing, GeneXpert, modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining, and culture using cerebrospinal fluid for tuberculous meningitis: A multi-center, retrospective study in China.
Article in Journal of clinical laboratory analysis, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of metagenomic next-generation sequencing for diagnosing tuberculous meningitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Metagenomic next-generation sequencing forFrontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Diagnosis of Tuberculous Meningitis: Integrating Clinical Assessment and Molecular Diagnostics.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Cervical Actinomycosis Diagnosed via Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing of Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissue: A Case Report and Literature Review.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Metagenomic Next-generation Sequencing in Patients With Infectious Meningoencephalitis: A Comprehensive Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Construction of a nomogram model based on multiple factors to differentiate cryptococcal meningitis from tuberculous meningitis in HIV-Infected patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Validation of mNGS results using extensive lab and clinical data.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a diagnostic model for tuberculous meningitis based on laboratory data.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Molecular diagnostic methods for rapid diagnosis of central nervous system infections.Frontiers in medical technology · 2025Review
- A Novel Diagnostic Prediction Model for Distinguishing Between Tuberculous and Cryptococcal Meningitis.Clinical medicine & research · 2024Article
- Nanopore-targeted sequencing (NTS) for intracranial tuberculosis: a promising and reliable approach.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2024Article
- Using cerebrospinal fluid nanopore sequencing assay to diagnose tuberculous meningitis: a retrospective cohort study in China.BMJ open · 2024Article
- Tuberculous meningitis diagnosis and treatment: classic approaches and high-throughput pathways.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in the diagnosis of post-stroke infections: a case series study using multiple sample types.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Evaluation of different diagnostic methods for spinal tuberculosis infection.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- The diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis: advancements in new technologies and machine learning algorithms.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Recent advances in microbiological and molecular biological detection techniques of tuberculous meningitis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Comparative diagnostic utility of metagenomic next-generation sequencing, GeneXpert, modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining, and culture using cerebrospinal fluid for tuberculous meningitis: A multi-center, retrospective study in China.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2022Article
- Diagnostic efficiency of metagenomic next-generation sequencing for suspected spinal tuberculosis in China: A multicenter prospective study.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEarly diagnosis of tuberculosis meningitis (TBM) remains a great challenge during clinical practice. The diagnostic efficacies of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-based mycobacterial growth indicator tube (MGIT) culture, modified Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining, Xpert MTB/RIF, and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for TBM remained elusive.
methodsA total of 216 adult patients with suspicious TBM were retrospectively enrolled in this multi-cohort study. The diagnostic performances for MGIT, modified ZN staining, Xpert MTB/RIF, and mNGS using CSF samples were evaluated.
resultsUniform clinical case definition classified 88 (40.7%) out of 216 patients as the definite TBM, 5 (2.3%) patients as probable TBM cases, and 24 (11.1%) patients as possible TBM cases. The sensitivities of MGIT, modified ZN staining, Xpert MTB/RIF, and mNGS for TBM diagnosis against consensus uniform case definition for definite TBM were 25.0%, 76.1%, 73.9%, and 84.1%, respectively. Negative predictive values (NPVs) were 66.0%, 85.9%, 84.8%, and 90.1%, respectively. The sensitivities of MGIT, modified ZN staining, Xpert MTB/RIF, and mNGS for TBM diagnosis against consensus uniform case definition for definite, probable, and possible TBM were 18.8%, 57.3%, 55.5%, and 63.2%, respectively. Negative predictive values (NPVs) were 51.0%, 66.4%, 65.6%, and 69.7%, respectively. mNGS combined with modified ZN stain and Xpert could cover TBM cases against a composite microbiological reference standard, yielding 100% specificity and 100% NPV.
conclusionMetagenomic next-generation sequencing detected TBM with higher sensitivity than Xpert, ZN staining and MGIT culture, but mNGS cannot be used as a rule-out test. mNGS combined with Xpert or modified ZN staining could enhance the sensitivity of diagnostic tests for TBM.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.