SynthesisToxins2022
Ultrasound Imaging of the Facial Muscles and Relevance with Botulinum Toxin Injections: A Pictorial Essay and Narrative Review.
Synthesis in Toxins, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of Incobotulinumtoxin A on Maskne: Evaluation in a Prospective, Single-Center, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Study.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Trial
- Ultrasound of the Cheek: Examination Technique, Anatomy, and Abnormal Findings.Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine · 2026Review
- Muscles as Basic Therapeutic Units in Glabellar Botulinum Toxin Injection: Technique Description and Preliminary Clinical Experience.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Article
- Ultrasound imaging in aesthetic medicine: safety and precision in injectable procedures.Journal of ultrasound · 2026Review
- Ultrasound- and CT-Guided Medial-to-Lateral Radiofrequency Ablation of the Infraorbital Nerve for Persistent Idiopathic Dentoalveolar Pain: A Trajectory-Based Approach.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Determining the Position, Morphology, and Location of the Depressor Anguli Muscle Through Ultrasound in the Caucasian Population.Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum · 2026Article
- Textbook-Ultrasound-Cadaver: A Three-Step Learning Method in Facial Botulinum Toxin Type A Injection.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Article
- Article
- Lip Sonoanatomy and Relevance to Aesthetic Filler Injections: A Pictorial Review.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Review
- Novel Ultrasound Examination and Guided Intervention of Peri-Oral Musculature and Fascia in Wind Players with Embouchure Problems: Technical Note.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Manifestation of Congenital Hypoplasia of the Depressor Anguli Oris: A Case Report of Asymmetric Crying Facies.Cureus · 2025Article
- The Simultaneous Application of Synchronized Radiofrequency and HIFES Technology Improves the Tone of Facial Muscles, as Assessed by Ultrasound Echo Intensity: A Pilot Study.Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum · 2025Article
- Optimizing Ultrasonography of the Nasal Cartilage for Rhinoplasty: Techniques and Challenges.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2024Article
- Intra-articular and intraosseous approach to temporomandibular joint-targeted injections: a cadaveric investigation.Journal of ultrasound · 2024Article
- Boosting brain-computer interfaces with functional electrical stimulation: potential applications in people with locked-in syndrome.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2023Review
- Congenital unilateral lower lip palsy: a case-based review.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2023Review
- Review
- Comment on Kehrer et al. Using High-Resolution Ultrasound to Assess Post-Facial Paralysis Synkinesis-Machine Settings and Technical Aspects for Facial Surgeons.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Ultrasound Imaging of Facial Vascular Neural Structures and Relevance to Aesthetic Injections: A Pictorial Essay.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Clinical Algorithm for Ultrasound-guided Facial and Neck Rejuvenation.Journal of medical ultrasoundArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
High-resolution ultrasound is preferred as the first-line imaging modality for evaluation of superficial soft tissues, such as the facial muscles. In contrast to magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, which require specifically designated planes (axial, coronal and sagittal) for imaging, the ultrasound transducer can be navigated based on the alignment of facial muscles. Botulinum toxin injections are widely used in facial cosmetic procedures in recent times. Ultrasonography is recognized as a useful tool for pre-procedure localization of target muscles. In this pictorial review, we discuss the detailed sonoanatomy of facial muscles and their clinical relevance, particularly with regard to botulinum toxin injections. Furthermore, we have summarized the findings of clinical studies that report ultrasonographic imaging of facial muscles.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.