ReviewDiscover oncology2021
The gold complex auranofin: new perspectives for cancer therapy.
Review in Discover oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 153 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metal coordination at biological interfaces: Mechanisms, therapeutics, and translation.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- TrxR Inhibition and Nrf2-FOXO3 Modulation by Repurposed Drugs: A Redox Strategy to Reverse Cancer Multidrug Resistance.Drug development research · 2026Review
- Article
- Mitochondria-Targeting Metal Complexes: Design Principles, Mechanisms of Action, and Translational Perspectives.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Crosstalk of thioredoxin system and programmed cell death: from pathophysiology to novel therapy.Redox biology · 2026Review
- Cytotoxicity and immunogenic cell death studies of water-soluble tetrahedral Ga(iii) or Fe(iii) coordination cages containing a Au(i) anticancer drug as guest.Inorganic chemistry frontiers · 2026Article
- Potential Activity of Non-Platinum Metal-Based Organic Complexes Against Different Cancer Cell Types.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Golden immunity: gold complexes as emerging triggers of immunogenic cell death.Chemical science · 2026Review
- Orphan Medications: An Innovative and Promising Approach against Leishmaniasis.Current microbiology · 2026Review
- Nature-Inspired Gold(I) Complexes as Anticancer Agents: Ligand Design, Structure-Activity Relationships, and Mechanisms.Cancers · 2026Review
- Investigating the Synergistic Effect of the Cannabis Extract PHEC-66 and Chemotherapeutic Agents on Human Melanoma Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Auranofin Combination Therapy: A New Frontier in Cancer Treatment.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Mechanism of auranofin toxicity: Inhibition of tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2026Article
- ADMET Profiling of the Metallodrugs: A Comparative Review of Platinum, Palladium, Gold, Ruthenium, Copper, and Zinc Anticancer Complexes.Bioinorganic chemistry and applications · 2026Review
- Combination nitazoxanide and auranofin treatment has synergistic anticancer activity in anaplastic thyroid cancer through enhanced activation of oxidative stress that leads to apoptosis.Cancer letters · 2025Article
- ChaC1-based drug screenings identify a synergistic lethal effect of auranofin and proteasome inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.Cell death discovery · 2025Article
- Synthesis and in vitro characterization of [EJNMMI radiopharmacy and chemistry · 2025Article
- Glabridin-Gold(I) Complex as a Novel Immunomodulatory Agent Targeting TrxR and MAPK Pathways for Synergistic Enhancement of Antitumor Immunity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- A guide to reactive oxygen species in tumour hypoxia: measurement and therapeutic implications.Molecular oncology · 2025Review
- Repurposing Auranofin for Oncology and Beyond: A Brief Overview of Clinical Trials as Mono- and Combination Therapy.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Advanced stages of cancer are highly associated with short overall survival in patients due to the lack of long-term treatment options following the standard form of care. New options for cancer therapy are needed to improve the survival of cancer patients without disease recurrence. Auranofin is a clinically approved agent against rheumatoid arthritis that is currently enrolled in clinical trials for potential repurposing against cancer. Auranofin mainly targets the anti-oxidative system catalyzed by thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), which protects the cell from oxidative stress and death in the cytoplasm and the mitochondria. TrxR is over-expressed in many cancers as an adaptive mechanism for cancer cell proliferation, rendering it an attractive target for cancer therapy, and auranofin as a potential therapeutic agent for cancer. Inhibiting TrxR dysregulates the intracellular redox state causing increased intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, and stimulates cellular demise. An alternate mechanism of action of auranofin is to mimic proteasomal inhibition by blocking the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), which is critically important in cancer cells to prevent cell death when compared to non-cancer cells, because of its role on cell cycle regulation, protein degradation, gene expression, and DNA repair. This article provides new perspectives on the potential mechanisms used by auranofin alone, in combination with diverse other compounds, or in combination with platinating agents and/or immune checkpoint inhibitors to combat cancer cells, while assessing the feasibility for its repurposing in the clinical setting.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.