ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2023
The Negative Effect of Preexisting Immunity on Influenza Vaccine Responses Transcends the Impact of Vaccine Formulation Type and Vaccination History.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Multiseason Randomized Controlled Trial of Advax-Adjuvanted Seasonal Influenza Vaccine in Participants With Chronic Disease or Older Age.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- Repeat Influenza Vaccination Effects in 2021/22 and 2022/23 in a Community-Based Cohort in Hong Kong.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Epitope-spanning antigenic variation reprograms immunodominance and broadens immunity in sequential influenza vaccination.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Low effectiveness of influenza vaccines vis-à-vis mechanism of protection by vaccines - potential causes and recommendations to improve control of influenza.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Development of DNA and mRNA-LNP vaccines against an H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b influenza virus.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Review
- A live attenuated NS1-deficient vaccine candidate for cattle-origin influenza A (H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4.b viruses.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- High-Dose Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Inconsistently Improves Heterologous Antibody Responses in an Older Human Cohort.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 antibody repertoire after successive mRNA vaccinations under immunosuppressive treatment.EBioMedicine · 2025Article
- Seasonal influenza vaccines: Variability of immune responses to B lineage viruses.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
- Lack of memory recall in human CD4 T cells elicited by the first encounter with SARS-CoV-2.iScience · 2024Article
- Comparison of 1 Versus 2 Doses of Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine in 3-8-Year-Old Children with Different Immunological States - Jiangsu Province, China, 2021.China CDC weekly · 2024Article
- Review
- T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination are elevated in B cell deficiency and reduce risk of severe COVID-19.Science translational medicine · 2023Article
- Restoring Trust: The Need for Precision Medicine in Infectious Diseases, Public Health and Vaccines.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Review
- The impact of pre-existing influenza antibodies and inflammatory status on the influenza vaccine responses in older adults.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2023Article
- Intermediate Levels of Pre-Existing Protective Antibody Allow Priming of Protective T Cell Immunity against Influenza.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- Harmonization and qualification of an IFN-γ Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSpot assay (ELISPOT) to measure influenza-specific cell-mediated immunity within the FLUCOP consortium.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The most effective measure to induce protection from influenza is vaccination. Thus, yearly vaccination is recommended, which, together with infections, establishes diverse repertoires of B cells, antibodies, and T cells. We examined the impact of this accumulated immunity on human responses in adults to split, subunit, and recombinant protein-based influenza vaccines. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assays, to quantify serum antibodies, and peptide-stimulated CD4 T-cell cytokine ELISpots revealed that preexisting levels of hemagglutinin (HA)-specific antibodies were negatively associated with gains in antibody postvaccination, while preexisting levels of CD4 T cells were negatively correlated with vaccine-induced expansion of CD4 T cells. These patterns were seen independently of the vaccine formulation administered and the subjects' influenza vaccine history. Thus, although memory CD4 T cells and serum antibodies consist of components that can enhance vaccine responses, on balance, the accumulated immunity specific for influenza A H1 and H3 proteins is associated with diminished future responses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.