ArticleInternational journal of cancer2022
Tobacco smoking and solid fuels for cooking and risk of liver cancer: A prospective cohort study of 0.5 million Chinese adults.
Article in International journal of cancer, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- An unexpected paradox: examining the relationship between solid fuel heating and reduced cancer risk in CHARLS.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- The effect of air pollution on chronic liver disease and the modifying effect of physical activity: a nationwide study from CHARLS.BMC public health · 2025Article
- High altitude might increase risk of incident frailty in older adults: a nationwide longitudinal survey.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Tobacco smoking and solid fuels for cooking and risk of liver cancer: A prospective cohort study of 0.5 million Chinese adults.International journal of cancer · 2022Article
- LncRNA CARMN Affects Hepatocellular Carcinoma Prognosis by Regulating the miR-192-5p/LOXL2 Axis.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2022Article
- Schisantherin A inhibits cell proliferation by regulating glucose metabolism pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Previous research found tobacco smoking and solid fuel use for cooking to increase the risk of chronic liver disease mortality, but previous cohort studies have not investigated their independent and joint associations with liver cancer incidence in contemporary China. The China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study recruited 0.5 million adults aged 30 to 79 years from 10 areas across China during 2004 to 2008. Participants reported detailed smoking and fuel use information at baseline. After an 11.1-year median follow-up via electronic record linkage, we recorded 2997 liver cancer cases. Overall, 29.4% participants were current smokers. Among those who cooked at least once per month, 48.8% always used solid fuels (ie, coal or wood) for cooking. Tobacco smoking and solid fuel use for cooking were independently associated with increased risks of liver cancer, with hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of 1.28 (1.15-1.42) and 1.25 (1.03-1.52), respectively. The more cigarettes consumed each day, the earlier the age of starting smoking or the longer duration of solid fuels exposure, the higher the risk (P
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