Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35198923›Full record

ArticleEClinicalMedicine2022

Global, regional, and national burdens of common micronutrient deficiencies from 1990 to 2019: A secondary trend analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study.

Xu Han, Shuangning Ding, Jinxin Lu, Yongze Li

Abstract read
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Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
86citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

86 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  7. Article
  8. Aligning private incentives with societal goals in smallholder agriculture.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  9. Article
  10. The gut microbiota in malnutrition.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026
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  15. A multicountry, multicenter report to identify nutritional risks in female populations using the FIGO Nutrition Checklist.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026
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26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Xu HanDepartment of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Bei Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
Shuangning DingDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Bei Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
Jinxin LuDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Bei Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
Yongze LiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Bei Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundUnderstanding micronutrient deficiency burdens and trends can help guide effective intervention strategies. This study aims to elucidate trends in common micronutrient deficiencies, in particular, dietary iron, iodine and vitamin A deficiencies, from 1990 to 2019 using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study data.

methodsWe analyzed data from the GBD 2019 study to calculate the prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates of micronutrient deficiencies in geographic populations worldwide from 1990 to 2019. The estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) and age-standardized rates were calculated to evaluate the temporal trends.

findingsGlobally, the age-standardized prevalence rates of iodine deficiency, vitamin A deficiency, and dietary iron deficiency decreased, with EAPCs of -0.690 (95% CI, -0.842 to -0.538), -3.15 (95% CI, -3.20 to -3.02), and -0.546 (95% CI, -0.585 to -0.507) between 1999 and 2019, respectively. Regarding the sociodemographic index (SDI), the highest age-standardized prevalence, incidence, and DALY rates of micronutrient deficiency were found in low-SDI countries in 2019. There were linear associations between the SDI and the healthcare access and quality (HAQ) index and age-standardized prevalence, incidence, and DALY rates.

interpretationGlobal micronutrient deficiency burdens have decreased since 1990. The potential burden of iodine deficiency in some developed countries is worthy of attention. The results of this study could guide policy makers in implementing cost-effective interventions to reduce micronutrient deficiency burdens, particularly in low-SDI and low-HAQ index countries.

fundingThis work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 82000753) and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2021MD703910).

Identifiers

PMID35198923
PMCPMC8850322

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.