ArticleToxicology reports2022
Human health risk assessment of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury ingestion from baby foods.
Article in Toxicology reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Assessment of arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances concentrations in human milk and infant formula in the United States: a systematic review.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Food-Type-Driven Detection, Concentration Profiling and Probabilistic Risk Mapping of Pb, Cd and Hg in Foods.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Assessment of Aflatoxins and Heavy Metals inFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Assessing Heavy Metals using ICP-MS in Fruits from the Developing World and their Associated Health Risks.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Sustainable removal of Cd(II) and Cr(VI) from aqueous solution via agro-waste derived biochar.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Conserved Molecular Responses to Arsenite Exposure inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Processed Baby Foods and Infant Formulas Worldwide: A Scoping Review.Nutrition reviews · 2026Article
- Monte Carlo simulation approach for health risk analysis of heavy metals' contamination in infant formula and food on the Iranian market.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Evaluation of safety and health risk characterization of some baby foods in Ghana.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Health risk assessment Pb, as and cr in corn (Zea mays) of Behbahan and Dezful from Khuzestan Province, Iran.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Elevated Metal Levels in U.S. Honeys: Is There a Concern for Human Health?Biological trace element research · 2025Article
- Diet quality and blood lead levels in Uruguayan first graders.The Science of the total environment · 2024Article
- Mitigating toxic metals contamination in foods: Bridging knowledge gaps for addressing food safety.Trends in food science & technology · 2024Article
- The Effect of Exogenous Cadmium and Zinc Applications on Cadmium, Zinc and Essential Mineral Bioaccessibility in Three Lines of Rice That Differ in Grain Cadmium Accumulation.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Extending Regulatory Biokinetic Lead Models towards Food Safety: Evaluation of Consumer Baby Food Contribution to Infant Blood Lead Levels and Variability.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Health risk assessment of some selected heavy metals in infant food sold in Wa, Ghana.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Hybrid carbonaceous adsorbents based on clay and cellulose for cadmium recovery from aqueous solution.RSC advances · 2023Article
- Dietary Exposure to Toxic Elements and the Health of Young Children: Methodological Considerations and Data Needs.The Journal of nutrition · 2022Article
- A Narrative Review of Toxic Heavy Metal Content of Infant and Toddler Foods and Evaluation of United States Policy.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recently, the U.S. House of Representatives reported on the presence of heavy metals in raw ingredients used in baby foods and in finished baby food products themselves. In light of these concerns, this study aimed to evaluate potential risks associated with the presence of heavy metals in baby food products. We analyzed 36 baby food samples representing four ingredient categories (fruit; leguminous vegetable; root vegetable; or grain) for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb). We assessed the potential lifetime cancer and non-cancer health risks posed to infants and toddlers following daily consumption of these chemicals in each food type, based on established daily food-specific ingestion rates. Daily doses were compared against selected reference values and oral slope factors to determine non-cancer hazard indices (HIs) and lifetime cancer risks. Hazard indices indicated a potential for non-cancer risk (e.g., HIs > 1.0) under only a few exposure scenarios, including for As and Pb under selected product type and age/concentration assumptions. Increases in lifetime cancer risks for all analytes across the ingredient categories evaluated ranged from 3.75 × 10
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