ArticleJournal of family & community medicine
Smoking and nicotine dependence in relation to depression, anxiety, and stress in Egyptian adults: A cross-sectional study.
Article in Journal of family & community medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of nurse-initiated smoking cessation intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2025Pooled it
- The role of the orbitofrontal cortex in smoking cue-reactivity in onset phase of smoking behavior, a fMRI study in adolescents.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- E-cigarettes and erectile dysfunction: biological mechanisms and research challenges.International journal of impotence research · 2026Review
- The association between family health and depression and anxiety symptoms among older adults: a cross-sectional study in mainland China.BMC public health · 2025Article
- A Cross Sectional Study on the Risk Perceptions and Barriers towards Smoking Cessation in a Rural Setting in Goa.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- A Comparative Evaluation of Hearing and Psychological Distress in Smokers and Non-smokers: A Cross-Sectional Study.Cureus · 2025Article
- Prediction of depressive disorder using machine learning approaches: findings from the NHANES.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2025Article
- Article
- Exploring the association between anhedonia and nicotine dependence: A study among female undergraduate students in Saudi Arabia.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- Exploring the association between melatonin and nicotine dependence (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Self-system and mental health status among Malaysian youth attending higher educational institutions: A nationwide cross-sectional study.Malaysian family physician : the official journal of the Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia · 2024Article
- Correlations among nicotine dependence, health-related quality of life, and depression in current smokers: a cross-sectional study with a mediation model.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Smoked tobacco dependence and its correlates among participants attending life skills training and counselling services programme across Karnataka (2017-2022).Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2023Article
- Article
- Sleep Apnea and Substance Use Disorders Associated with Co-Occurrence of Anxiety Disorder and Depression among U.S. Adults: Findings from the NSDUH 2008-2014.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Exploring Nicotine Dependence Among People Using Methamphetamine During Methadone Maintenance Treatment in Vietnam.Substance use : research and treatmentArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMuch research has found that smoking is one of the major risk factors for a variety of physical diseases and mental disorders; however, few studies have been conducted on smoking in Egypt. Furthermore, to the researcher's best knowledge, no study in Egypt has compiled data on smoking prevalence, motives, and levels of nicotine dependency. In order to fill in this gap, the current study has attempted to summarize the situation and construct an accurate picture of smoking in Egypt. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis cross-sectional study included 2000 Egyptian adults in Fayoum through a multistage cluster sampling technique. For data collection, the Socioeconomic Status Scale was deployed. In addition, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS), the Modified Reasons for Smoking Scale (MRSS), and Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) were used. Data analysis performed using SPSS version 22.0. For qualitative data, Chi-square test was used to determine statistical significance. Bivariate Pearson correlation was used to test for the association between quantitative variables.
resultsOf the total sample of 2000 adults, 40.4% had anxiety and 24.3% had stress, and 19.5% showed severe to extremely severe level of depression. For MRSS, tension reduction or relaxation was found in 46.5% adults while 9.8% had high level of nicotine dependence. There was a statistically significant association between psychometric disorders, on one hand, and both smoking motivation and nicotine dependence, on the other (
conclusionSmoking is linked to psychological symptoms and shows a moderate to high level of nicotine dependence, with a higher level of dependency, smoking pleasure, stress reduction/ relaxation, and hand-mouth movement as motives for smoking. Furthermore, there was a correlation between nicotine dependence, on one hand, and depression and stress on the other.
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