ArticleLupus science & medicine2022
Type 1 interferon status in systemic lupus erythematosus: a longitudinal analysis.
Article in Lupus science & medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unravelling the connection between interferons and systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2025Pooled it
- An interactive web application for exploring systemic lupus erythematosus blood transcriptomic diversity.Database : the journal of biological databases and curation · 2024Trial
- Lupus low disease activity state attainment in the phase 3 TULIP trials of anifrolumab in active systemic lupus erythematosus.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2023Trial
- Clinical considerations for immune dysregulation and immunodeficiency in Down syndrome.Journal of human immunity · 2026Review
- Engineering autoimmune disease models using organoids: Harnessing microenvironmental engineering for precision medicine and immunological recapitulation.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- [Research progress of the ULBP-NKG2D axis in autoimmune diseases].Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences · 2026Review
- Soluble SIGLEC1 as a biomarker of disease activity in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Increased Type I Interferon Activity with Concurrent Plasmablast Expansion Identifies Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients with Poor Outcomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Anti-CD19 CAR T cells for pediatric patients with treatment-refractory autoimmune diseases.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Reducing Glucocorticoid Burden in Lupus with Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Docosahexaenoic Acid Augments Prednisone Efficacy in Maintaining Cyclophosphamide-Induced Remission of Preclinical Lupus Nephritis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Enhanced type I interferon signature in primary APS patients is associated with thrombocytopenia.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Elevated serum interferon-α2 associates with activity and flare risk in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- The impact of disease activity and interferon-α on the nervous system in systemic lupus erythematosus.Arthritis research & therapy · 2025Article
- Real-world treatment patterns and clinical characteristics in patients with moderate-to-severe systemic lupus erythematosus: an analysis of the SLE Prospective Observational Cohort Study (SPOCS).Lupus science & medicine · 2025Observational
- Omega-3 fatty acid synergy with glucocorticoid in mouse lupus macrophage model: targeting pathogenic pathways to reduce steroid dependence.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Anifrolumab in the treatment of recurrent systemic lupus erythematosus: the first post-trial case report.Central-European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Systemic lupus erythematosus: from an adverse event of interferon administration to a disease with new treatment options.Upsala journal of medical sciences · 2025Review
- Interferon-α as a biomarker to predict renal outcomes in lupus nephritis.Lupus science & medicine · 2024Article
- IFN-I Score and Rare Genetic Variants in Children with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Biomedicines · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesType 1 interferon (IFN) is key to the pathogenesis of SLE, evidenced by the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in most patients, but the clinical utility of serial ISG assessment remains unknown. With the emergence of IFN-blocking drugs, we aimed to examine IFN status in relation to clinical findings longitudinally to provide insights into the value of testing ISG levels over time.
methodsClinical data and whole blood were collected prospectively on adult patients with SLE from a single tertiary lupus centre. IFN status was measured using a panel of ISGs.
findings729 samples were analysed from 205 patients. At baseline, 62.9% of patients were IFN high, 30.2% IFN low and 6.8% borderline. 142 patients had multiple samples collected, and 87.3% of these demonstrated stable ISG status over time. In longitudinal follow-up, IFN high patients had higher activity in multiple organ domains and spent less time in Lupus Low Disease Activity State, but IFN score did not correlate with SLE Disease Activity Index in individual patients. In the small subset of patients who had large fluctuations in ISG across the observation period, most had high-dose glucocorticoids that correlated with ISG suppression. However, low-moderate-dose glucocorticoids did not suppress ISG expression.
conclusionAlthough IFN high status is associated with indicators of more severe SLE, in the majority of patients, ISGs are stable across time and do not correlate with disease activity. Changes in ISG expression may be seen with high-dose, but not routine dose, glucocorticoid exposure. These findings suggest baseline but not serial ISG measurement may be of value in the management of SLE.
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