Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35197037›Full record

ArticleBMC women's health2022

Trends in total fertility rate in Ghana by different inequality dimensions from 1993 to 2014.

Ebenezer Agbaglo, Pascal Agbadi, Justice Kanor Tetteh, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Collins Adu, Jerry John Nutor

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Article in BMC women's health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ebenezer AgbagloDepartment of English, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Pascal AgbadiDepartment of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Justice Kanor TettehDepartment of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Edward Kwabena AmeyawSchool of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Collins AduDepartment of Health Promotion, Education and Disability Studies, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Jerry John NutorDepartment of Family Health Care Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, 2 Koret Way, Suite N431G, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA. jerry.nutor@ucsf.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe past few decades witnessed a considerable decline in total fertility rates globally. However in Ghana, there has been a slight increase in the fertility rate with little understanding of the reason for the increment. To understand this change, it is important to first examine the trend over a considerable period of time while taking into consideration some important inequality dimensions. This informed the need for this present study as we examined the trends in total fertility rate in Ghana by different inequality dimensions from 1993 to 2014.

methodsData from the 1993-2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys were used for the study, and we relied on the World Health Organization's (WHO) Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) software for the analysis. The analysis involved disaggregation of TFR by wealth index, education, place of residence and region. This was followed by the estimation of inequality by Difference, Population Attributable Risk, Ratio and Population Attributable Fraction. In the analysis, we set the statistical significance at a 95% confidence interval.

resultsFor all surveys, the total fertility rate was consistently highest among the poorest women (7.00, 6.28, 6.77, 6.61 and 6.29 in 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008 and 2014, respectively). The highest total fertility rate was recorded among women with no formal education in all the survey years. For instance, in the 2014 survey, the total fertility rate for women with no formal education was 5.98 and those with secondary/higher had a total fertility rate of 3.40. Women in rural areas had a higher total fertility rate compared to those in urban areas (4.90 vs. 3.40 in 2014). In terms of sub-national regions, the Northern region was the region where women consistently had the highest total fertility rate.

conclusionThere is a need for a collective effort to design interventions and policies to create awareness among the people of Ghana especially girls and women on the implications of high fertility.

Indexed as

Birth RateFertilityEducational StatusFemaleGhanaHumansSocioeconomic FactorsDemographic and Health SurveysGhanaGlobal healthInequalityLow-middle income countriesTotal fertility

Identifiers

PMID35197037
PMCPMC8867828

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