ArticleBMC cardiovascular disorders2022
Identification of cardiovascular risk factors among urban and rural Malaysian youths.
Article in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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2 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of eHealth Literacy and Patient Adherence in Mediating Health Consciousness and Perceived Severity in Quality of Life Among Young Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease: Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- TheInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
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6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundCoronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early identification of the cardiovascular risk factors (CRF) among youths assists in determining the high-risk group to develop CAD in later life. In view of the modernised lifestyle, both urban and rural residing youths are thought to be equally exposed to various CRF. This study aimed to describe the common CRF including obesity, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, smoking and family history of hypercholesterolaemia and premature CAD in youths residing in urban and rural areas in Malaysia.
methodsWe recruited 942 Malaysian subjects aged 15-24 years old [(males = 257, and urban = 555 vs. rural = 387, (mean age ± SD = 20.5 ± 2.1 years)] from the community health screening programmes organised in both rural and urban regions throughout Malaysia. Medical history and standardised anthropometric measurements were recorded. Laboratory investigations were obtained for fasting serum lipid profiles and plasma glucose levels.
resultsA total of 43.7% from the total study population was either obese or overweight. Youths in the rural were more overweight and obese (49.4% vs. 42.7%, p < 0.044) and have higher family history of hypercholesterolaemia (16.3% vs. 11.3%, p < 0.036) than youths in the urban areas. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c) (2.8 vs. 2.7 mmol/L) and total cholesterol (TC) (4.7 vs. 4.5 mmol/L) were significantly higher in urban compared to rural youths (p < 0.019 and p < 0.012). Overall, more youth in this study has CRF rather than not (Has ≥ 1 CRF = 69.9%). Significantly more rural youths have at least one CRF compared to urban youths (rural = 74.2% vs. urban = 66.8%, p = 0.016).
conclusionIn conclusion, our study showed that a large number of youths had at least one or more CRF. Rural youths have significantly higher BMI with higher family history of hypercholesterolaemia compared to urban youths. However, urban youths have higher LDL-c and TC levels. Other coronary risk factors are not significantly different between urban and rural youths. Rural youths have more CRF compared to urban youths. A larger longitudinal study focusing on this population is important to better understand the effect of the area of residence on CRF in youth.
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