ArticleEBioMedicine2022
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination elicits unconventional IgM specific responses in naïve and previously COVID-19-infected individuals.
Article in EBioMedicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Hybrid immunity following SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination is associated with more sustained antibody levels, and lower reinfection risk.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Quantification of the IgG antibody response half-life for hybrid immunity to SARS-CoV-2.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Reverse vaccinology-based identification of immunogenic membrane proteins from zoonotic multidrug-resistant Proteus vulgaris: a one health approach to cross-species vaccine development.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Article
- Cytokine and Antibody Isotype Responses in Vaccinated Healthcare Workers with SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Infections.Viruses · 2025Article
- Microbead-based synthetic niches for in vitro expansion and differentiation of human naïve B-cells.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2025Article
- Persistent splenic-derived IgMs preferentially recognize factor VIII A2 and C2 domain epitopes but do not alter antibody production.Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2025Article
- Variant-adapted COVID-19 vaccine boosters enhance humoral immunity and limit IgG4 accumulation in solid cancer patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- An integrated mutation-based immunoinformatic approach incorporating variability in epitopes: a study based on HIV subtype C.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Induction of Fc-dependent functional antibodies against different variants of SARS-CoV-2 varies by vaccine type and prior infection.Communications medicine · 2024Article
- A Self-Amplifying Human Papillomavirus 16 Vaccine Candidate Delivered by Tobacco Mosaic Virus-Like Particles.ACS applied bio materials · 2024Article
- Review
- Optical lateral flow assays in early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry · 2024Review
- Multivariate analyses and machine learning link sex and age with antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 and vaccination.iScience · 2024Article
- Immune signature in vaccinated versus non-vaccinated aged people with COVID-19 pneumonia.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Durable protective efficiency provide by mRNA vaccines require robust immune memory to antigens and weak immune memory to lipid nanoparticles.Materials today. Bio · 2024Article
- Article
- A study on the side effects caused by the Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine: Focus on IgG antibodies and serological biomarkers.Central-European journal of immunology · 2024Article
- Binding and Avidity Signatures of Polyclonal Sera From Individuals With Different Exposure Histories to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection, Vaccination, and Omicron Breakthrough Infections.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCurrently, evaluation of the IgG antibodies specific for the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein following vaccination is used worldwide to estimate vaccine response. Limited data are available on vaccine-elicited IgM antibodies and their potential implication in immunity to SARS-CoV-2.
methodsWe performed a longitudinal study to quantify anti-S SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM (IgG-S and IgM-S) in health care worker (HCW) recipients of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Samples were collected before administration (T0), at the second dose (T1) and three weeks after T1 (T2). The cohort included 1584 immunologically naïve to SARS-CoV-2 (IN) and 289 with history of previous infection (PI).
findingsIN showed three patterns of responses: (a) IgG positive/IgM negative (36.1%), (b) coordinated IgM-S/IgG-S responses appearing at T1 (37.4%) and (c) IgM appearing after IgG (26.3%). Coordinated IgM-S/IgG-S responses were associated with higher IgG titres. In IgM-S positive PI, 64.5% were IgM-S positive before vaccination, whereas 32% and 3.5% developed IgM-S after the first and second vaccine dose, respectively. IgM-S positive sera had higher pseudovirus neutralization titres compared to the IgM-S negative.
interpretationCoordinated expression of IgG-S and IgM-S after vaccination was associated with a significantly more efficient response in both antibody levels and virus-neutralizing activity. The unconventional IgG-S positive/IgM-S negative responses may suggest a recruitment of cross coronaviruses immunity by vaccination, warranting further investigation.
fundingItalian Ministry of Health under "Fondi Ricerca Corrente"- L1P5 and "Progetto Ricerca Finalizzata COVID-2020-12371675"; FUR 2020 Department of Excellence 2018-2022, MIUR, Italy; The Brain Research Foundation Verona.
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