ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences2022
Generational Shifts in Young Adult Cardiovascular Health? Millennials and Generation X in the United States and England.
Article in The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Consumption of Tree Nuts as Snacks Reduces Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Young Adults: A Randomized Trial.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Multi-Morbidity at Death and the US Disadvantage in Mortality.European journal of population = Revue europeenne de demographie · 2025Article
- Article
- Generational perspectives on sustainable diets in Saudi Arabia: implications for food security and behavioral change.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Examining Differences in Health-Related Technology Use between Millennial and Older Generations of Caregivers.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2024Article
- Midlife health in Britain and the United States: a comparison of two nationally representative cohorts.International journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Cohort Differences in Physical Health and Disability in the United States and Europe.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2024Article
- 2023 Obesity Fact Sheet: Prevalence of Obesity and Abdominal Obesity in Adults, Adolescents, and Children in Korea from 2012 to 2021.Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome · 2024Article
- Generational differences in physical health and disability in the United States and Europe.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Midlife Health in Britain and the US: A comparison of Two Nationally Representative Cohorts.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- An Introduction to the Supplemental Issue on Why Does Health in the US Continue to Lag Behind.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2022Article
- Older Adults in the United States Have Worse Cardiometabolic Health Compared to England.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo compare cardiovascular (CV) risks/conditions of Millennials (born 1981-1996) to those of Generation X (Gen X; born 1965-1980) at ages 20-34 years, across 2 countries (United States, England), by gender.
methodsUsing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (United States) and Health Survey for England, we estimated weighted unadjusted and adjusted gender-specific proportions of CV risk factors/conditions, separately for Millennials and Generation X in each country. We also further calculated sex-specific generational differences in CV risk factor/conditions by income tercile and for individuals with normal body weight.
resultsMillennials in the United States were more obese compared to their Gen X counterparts and more likely to have diabetes risk but less likely to smoke or have high cholesterol. Millennials in England had higher diabetes risk but similar or lower rates of other CV risk/conditions compared to their Gen X counterparts. Generational changes could not be fully attributed to increases in obesity or decreases in income. DISCUSSION: We expected that Millennial CV risk factors/conditions would be worse than those of Gen X, particularly in the United States, because Millennials came of age during the Great Recession and a period of increasing population obesity. Millennials generally fared worse than their Gen X counterparts in terms of obesity and diabetes risk, especially in the United States, but had lower rates of smoking and high cholesterol in both countries. Secular trends of increasing obesity and decreased economic opportunities did not appear to lead to uniform generational differences in CV risk factors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.