ReviewThe Journal of experimental medicine2022
The gut-meningeal immune axis: Priming brain defense against the most likely invaders.
Review in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intestinal infections establish antigen-specific, long-lived memory CD4Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Gut-brain-immune interactions in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.Molecular and cellular pediatrics · 2026Review
- Importance of the inflammasome in gut-brain axis: from pathological driver to therapeutic target.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- The gut microbiome shapes social behaviour across animal species.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- C1q-dependent clearance of alpha-synuclein allows macrophages to transiently limit enteric synucleinopathy in male mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Integrating metagenomics, transcriptomics, and molecular docking to reveal core gene biomarkers and gut microbiota regulatory mechanisms in tuberculous meningitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Gut-Brain Axis and Perioperative Gut Microbiome in Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction: Implications for Neurosurgical Patients.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Targeting CD38 immunometabolic checkpoint improves metabolic fitness and cognition in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Targeting the role played by microbiota and adaptive immunity within autoimmune disease complexity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The link between gut microbiota and multiple sclerosis from the perspective of barrier function.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Investigation of co-existing bacteria in platelets by employing long-term culturomics and metagenomics.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Gastrointestinal and brain barriers: unlocking gates of communication across the microbiota-gut-brain axis.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2024Review
- Complement C1q-dependent engulfment of alpha-synuclein induces ENS-resident macrophage exhaustion and accelerates Parkinson's-like gut pathology.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Proteomic interrogation of the meninges reveals the molecular identities of structural components and regional distinctions along the CNS axis.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2023Article
- ApoE isoform- and microbiota-dependent progression of neurodegeneration in a mouse model of tauopathy.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- Editorial: The effect of gut microbiota on the brain structure and function.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2023Article
- Cross-Talk and Subset Control of Microglia and Associated Myeloid Cells in Neurological Disorders.Cells · 2022Review
- Article
- Mechanisms of Autoimmune Cell in DA Neuron Apoptosis of Parkinson's Disease: Recent Advancement.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2022Review
- A single-cell atlas reveals the heterogeneity of meningeal immunity in a mouse model of Methyl CpG binding protein 2 deficiency.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract contains trillions of microorganisms that exist symbiotically with the host due to a tolerant, regulatory cell-rich intestinal immune system. However, this intimate relationship with the microbiome inevitably comes with risks, with intestinal organisms being the most common cause of bacteremia. The vasculature of the brain-lining meninges contains fenestrated endothelium, conferring vulnerability to invasion by circulating microbes. We propose that this has evolutionarily led to close links between gut and meningeal immunity, to prime the central nervous system defense against the most likely invaders. This paradigm is exemplified by the dural venous sinus IgA defense system, where the antibody repertoire mirrors that of the gut.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.