ArticleArquivos brasileiros de cardiologia2022
Effects of Smoking on Very-Long Term Mortality after First ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction.
Article in Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Coronary artery disease in smokers with low traditional risk burden: An exploratory analysis of potential genetic susceptibility.Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology plus · 2026Article
- Correlation of admission sodium levels with 28-Day and 1-year mortality in STEMI patients undergoing emergency PCI.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundThe smoking paradox has been a matter of debate for acute myocardial infarction patients for more than two decades. Although there is huge evidence claiming that is no real paradox, publications supporting better outcomes in post-MI smokers are still being released.
objectiveTo explore the effect of smoking on very long-term mortality after ST Elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
methodsThis study included STEMI patients who were diagnosed between the years of 2004-2006 at three tertiary centers. Patients were categorized according to tobacco exposure (Group 1: non-smokers; Group 2: <20 package*years users, Group 3: 20-40 package*years users, Group 4: >40 package*years users). A Cox regression model was used to estimate the relative risks for very long-term mortality. P value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
resultsThere were 313 patients (201 smokers, 112 non-smokers) who were followed-up for a median period of 174 months. Smokers were younger (54±9 vs. 62±11, p: <0.001), and the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors were more prevalent in non-smokers. A univariate analysis of the impact of the smoking habit on mortality revealed a better survival curve in Group 2 than in Group 1. However, after adjustment for confounders, it was observed that smokers had a significantly increased risk of death. The relative risk became higher with increased exposure (Group 2 vs. Group 1; HR: 1.141; 95% CI: 0.599 to 2.171, Group 3 vs Group 1; HR: 2.130; 95% CI: 1.236 to 3.670, Group 4 vs Group 1; HR: 2.602; 95% CI: 1.461 to 4.634).
conclusionSmoking gradually increases the risk of all-cause mortality after STEMI.
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