ArticlePediatrics2022
Household Transmission and Clinical Features of SARS-CoV-2 Infections.
Article in Pediatrics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of disease severity, age, sex, comorbidity, and vaccination on secondary attack rates of SARS-CoV-2: a global systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- The role of children in transmission of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern within households: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis, as at 30 June 2022.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2023Pooled it
- The role of children in household transmission of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Evaluation of mRNA-1273 Vaccine in Children 6 Months to 5 Years of Age.The New England journal of medicine · 2022Trial
- Evaluation of mRNA-1273 Covid-19 Vaccine in Children 6 to 11 Years of Age.The New England journal of medicine · 2022Trial
- Estimating Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Health-Related Quality of Life Among Persons Aged 8 Years and Older, August 2020-July 2022.Journal of health economics and outcomes research · 2026Article
- Article
- Vaccine efficacy of NVX-CoV2373 against SARS-CoV-2 infection in adolescents in the USA: an ancillary study to a phase 3, observer-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.The Lancet. Microbe · 2025Observational
- Building the U.S. COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness program: Past successes and future directions.Vaccine · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Seroepidemiology and Antibody Levels in Children during BA.5 Predominance Period.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Haplotypic Distribution of SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Cases of Intradomiciliary Infection in the State of Rondônia, Western Amazon.Bioinformatics and biology insights · 2024Article
- Differences in the Clinical Manifestations and Host Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Children Compared to Adults.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Prevalence and Risk Factors for School-Associated Transmission of SARS-CoV-2.JAMA health forum · 2023Article
- Smart Thermometer-Based Participatory Surveillance to Discern the Role of Children in Household Viral Transmission During the COVID-19 Pandemic.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Revolutionizing viral disease vaccination: the promising clinical advancements of non-replicating mRNA vaccines.Virology journal · 2023Review
- Association Between Population-Level Factors and Household Secondary Attack Rate of SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Observational
- Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by children to contacts in schools and households: a prospective cohort and environmental sampling study in London.The Lancet. Microbe · 2022Article
- Behaviors Associated With Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in California and Colorado, January 2021-April 2021.AJPM focus · 2022Article
- Assessment of Clinical and Virological Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Children Aged 0 to 4 Years and Their Household Members.JAMA network open · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesExamine age differences in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission risk from primary cases and infection risk among household contacts and symptoms among those with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
methodsPeople with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Nashville, Tennessee and central and western Wisconsin and their household contacts were followed daily for 14 days to ascertain symptoms and secondary transmission events. Households were enrolled between April 2020 and April 2021. Secondary infection risks (SIR) by age of the primary case and contacts were estimated using generalized estimating equations.
resultsThe 226 primary cases were followed by 198 (49%) secondary SARS-CoV-2 infections among 404 household contacts. Age group-specific SIR among contacts ranged from 36% to 53%, with no differences by age. SIR was lower in primary cases age 12 to 17 years than from primary cases 18 to 49 years (risk ratio [RR] 0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.19-0.91). SIR was 55% and 45%, respectively, among primary case-contact pairs in the same versus different age group (RR 1.47; 95% CI 0.98-2.22). SIR was highest among primary case-contact pairs age ≥65 years (76%) and 5 to 11 years (69%). Among secondary SARS-CoV-2 infections, 19% were asymptomatic; there was no difference in the frequency of asymptomatic infections by age group.
conclusionsBoth children and adults can transmit and are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. SIR did not vary by age, but further research is needed to understand age-related differences in probability of transmission from primary cases by age.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.