Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35194146›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2022

A video-based analysis of situations bearing the risk of respiratory disease transmission during football matches.

Oliver Faude, Simon Müller, Sebastian Schreiber, Jonas Müller, Lukas Nebiker, Florian Beaudouin, Tim Meyer, Florian Egger

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Observational
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Oliver FaudeDepartment of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. oliver.faude@unibas.ch.
Simon MüllerInstitute of Sport and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
Sebastian SchreiberInstitute of Sport and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
Jonas MüllerInstitute of Sport and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
Lukas NebikerDepartment of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Florian BeaudouinInstitute of Sport and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
Tim MeyerInstitute of Sport and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
Florian EggerInstitute of Sport and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We aimed to analyze the number and type of contacts involving the risk of respiratory disease transmission during football match play. We analysed 50 matches from different playing levels. Two reviewers evaluated the contacts of all players in each match. We focused on between-player contacts, crowding, actions with potentially increased aerosol and droplet production and within-player hand-to-head contacts. We categorized the duels with direct contact into frontal and other ones and measured contact duration. The number of between-player contacts were similar between playing levels (median 28.3 [IQR 22.6, 33] contacts per player-hour). Frontal contacts summed up to 8% of all contacts. Contacts involving the head occurred less than once per player and match with none lasting longer than 3 s. Crowding included between two and six players and the duration was mostly less than 10 s. Aerosol and droplet producing activities were three to four times more frequent in adult compared to youth players. Our results suggest that the risk of respiratory pathogen transmission is low during football matches. This conclusion is based on the finding that most close contact situations are of short duration and on the fact that it is an outdoor sport.

Indexed as

AthletesFootballAdolescentAdultAge FactorsChildContact TracingCrowdingHumansMaleRespiratory Tract InfectionsRiskRisk AssessmentTime FactorsVideotape RecordingYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID35194146
PMCPMC8863802

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.