ArticleBMJ open2022
Measurement characteristics and correlates of HIV-related stigma among adults living with HIV: a cross-sectional study from coastal Kenya.
Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- People who living with HIV/AIDS also have a high prevalence of anxiety disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Psychometric properties of the Vietnamese version of the 12-item HIV stigma scale (HSS-12) among people living with HIV in Vietnam.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Living in Fear: Severe HIV-Associated Stigma Persists in Senegal, West Africa.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- HIV-related Stigma among People with HIV in Denmark and its Association with Psychosocial and Sexual Health: a cross-sectional Nationwide Study.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Predictors of unsuppressed viral load among MSM with HIV in South Africa.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- Individual-, Interpersonal- and Institutional-Level Factors Associated with HIV Stigma Among Youth in Kenya.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- A qualitative inquiry of experiences of HIV-related stigma and its effects among people living with HIV on treatment in rural Kilifi, Kenya.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveWe studied the psychometric properties of the 12-item short version of the Berger HIV stigma scale and assessed the correlates of HIV-related stigma among adults living with HIV on the Kenyan coast.
designCross-sectional study.
settingComprehensive Care and Research Centre in the Kilifi County Hospital.
participantsAdults living with HIV on combination antiretroviral therapy were recruited and interviewed between February and April 2018 (n=450).
main outcome measuresHIV-related stigma.
results450 participants with a median age of 43 years (IQR=36-50) took part in the study. Of these, 356 (79.1%) were female. Scale reliability and validity were high (alpha=0.80, test-retest reliability intraclass correlation coefficient=0.92). Using confirmatory factor analysis, we observed that the 12-item short version of the HIV stigma scale had a good fit for its hypothesised model (Comparative Fit Index=0.966, Tucker Lewis Index=0.955, root mean square error of approximation=0.044). Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis indicated measurement invariance across gender and age groups as ΔCFI was ≤0.01. Multivariate linear regression established that being female (β=2.001, 95% CI: 0.21 to 3.80, p=0.029), HIV status non-disclosure (β=4.237, 95% CI: 1.27 to 7.20, p=0.005) and co-occurrence of depressive and anxiety symptoms (β=6.670, 95% CI: 3.40 to 9.94, p<0.001) were significant predictors of perceived HIV-related stigma and that these variables accounted for 10.2% of the explained variability in HIV-related stigma among adults living with HIV from Kilifi.
conclusionsOur results indicate that the 12-item short version of the HIV stigma scale is a valid and reliable measure of HIV stigma in Kenya. Furthermore, our study indicates that interventions aimed at reducing stigma need to take into account gender to address the specific needs of women, people who have not disclosed their HIV status, and those exhibiting symptoms of depression and anxiety, thereby improving their quality of life.
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