Observational studyThe British journal of ophthalmology2023
High myopia as risk factor for the 10-year incidence of open-angle glaucoma in the Beijing Eye Study.
Observational study in The British journal of ophthalmology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of 0.01% low-dose atropine therapy for the myopia and premyopia in children: a meta-analysis and systematic review.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Pooled it
- Machine Learning Approaches in High Myopia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- Associations between Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness, Axial Length, and Generation in the 2-Continent Eye Study.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Low-Dose Atropine for Pediatric Myopia: First-Year Progression as a Risk-Stratification and Management Signal.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Low-Dose Atropine Eye Drops (0.01%) for the Treatment of Myopia in Children: A United Kingdom Perspective.PharmacoEconomics · 2026Article
- Sparse Cell Labeling Reveals Morphologic Diversity Among Mouse Scleral Fibroblasts.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Ocular Blood Flow in Eyes with Myopia and Glaucoma: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Implications.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Research priorities for diagnostics, progression monitoring, and treatment of glaucoma in myopic eyes.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Presence and associations of retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal atrophy: the Beijing eye study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Routine blood tests and machine learning identify complications in high myopia.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Ocular and General Determinants of Intraocular Pressure: The Two-Continent Eye Study.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Differentiation Between Moderate Versus High Myopia: The 2-Continent Eye Study.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Association between axial length and corneal refractive power in the two-continent population-based studies project.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Reduced plasma oxytocin levels in patients with open-angle glaucoma.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Defining the critical axial length threshold for transition from physiological growth to pathological fundus structural remodeling in adolescent myopia.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Challenges in Glaucoma Management in High Myopia After Refractive Surgery: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- Prevalence of high myopia and its associated factors among secondary school students at Finote-selam town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2023.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Comparison of the diagnostic performance of two spectral-domain OCT machines in detecting glaucoma in high and non-high axial myopia eyes.International ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Predictors of Glaucoma Conversion in an African Ancestry Cohort: A Longitudinal Study.American journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Characteristics of visual field in myopic patients using Easyfield perimeter and its application in preoperative glaucoma screening of corneal refractive surgery.International ophthalmology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo assess the 10-year incidence of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and its associations in an adult Chinese population.
methodsLongitudinal observational population-based study. Out of 4439 participants aged 40+ years participating in the Beijing Eye Study in 2001, 2695 individuals (60.7%) were re-examined in 2011, while 397 participants had died (8.5%).
resultsIncident OAG was found in 75 participants among 2494 individuals free of glaucoma at baseline. The 10-year OAG incidence (mean: 3.0%; 95% CI 2.5 to 3.5) increased from 1.8% (95% CI 1.3 to 2.4) in individuals aged 40-49 years, to 5.9% (95% CI 3.1 to 9.6) in participants aged 70+ years. OAG incidence was highest in the high myopia group (13.3%±6.3%, OR: 7.3; 95% CI 3.3 to 16.3), followed by the moderately myopic group (8.1%±4.3%, OR: 4.2; 95% CI 2.0 to 8.8) and the low myopic group (6.2%±2.8%, OR: 3.2; 95% CI 1.7 to 5.8), as compared with the emmetropic/hyperopic group (2.1%±0.8%). In multivariable analysis, higher OAG incidence was associated with older age (OR: 1.06; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.09), longer axial length (OR: 1.72; 95% CI 1.45 to 2.05), higher intraocular pressure (IOP) in 2001 (OR: 1.18; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.29), higher vertical cup/disc ratio (VCDR) (OR: 60.8; 95% CI 6.7 to 556) and thinner central corneal thickness (CCT) (OR: 0.98; 95% CI 0.97 to 0.99).
conclusionsIn a 10-year follow-up, high myopia was a major risk factor for the development of OAG with a 7.3-fold risk increase as compared with emmetropic eyes. Higher age, IOP, VCDR and thinner CCT were additionally related with an increased OAG incidence. The findings may be of importance to clinical protocols and screening strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.