Trial reportPloS one2022
Effect of integrated reproductive health lesson materials in a problem-based pedagogy on soft skills for safe sexual behaviour among adolescents: A school-based randomized controlled trial in Tanzania.
Trial report in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- What works in 21st century skills education in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Pooled it
- Attitude and prevalence of early sexual debut and associated risk sexual behavior among adolescents in Tanzania; Evidence from baseline data in a Randomized Controlled Trial.BMC public health · 2023Trial
- Predictors of male partners' behavioral intentions and cognitive readiness toward maternal health service utilization in rural Tanzania: an application of the theory of planned behavior.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- School-based interventions for sexual education and sexual violence prevention in adolescence: systematic review.Psicologia, reflexao e critica : revista semestral do Departamento de Psicologia da UFRGS · 2026Review
- Adolescent condom negotiation: a concept analysis and conceptual framework.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2026Review
- Safe spaces enhancing sexual and reproductive health for youth: a scoping review.Reproductive health · 2025Article
- Evaluating the implementation fidelity of national standards for adolescent- and youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health services in Tanzania: a descriptive cross-sectional survey.Reproductive health · 2025Article
- A multilevel analysis of trends and predictors associated with teenage pregnancy in Tanzania (2004-2022): evidence from demographic and health surveys.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of an Interactive Web-Based Clinical Practice Monitoring System on Enhancing Motivation in Clinical Learning Among Undergraduate Nursing Students: Longitudinal Quasi-Experimental Study in Tanzania.JMIR medical education · 2025Article
- A Cross-Sectional Survey to Measure Attitude, Self-Reported Practice, Levels, Typology, and Determinants of Lifetime Gambling Behaviors Among Undergraduate Students in Higher Training Institutions, Tanzania.Journal of gambling studies · 2025Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of early sexual initiation among female youth in Tanzania: a nationwide survey.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Interventions to Improve Sexual and Reproductive Health Related Knowledge and Attitudes Among the Adolescents: Scoping Review.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2025Review
- Prevalence, Preventive Methods, Health-related Outcomes, and Correlates of Sexual Behaviours among Adolescents in Malinyi District Council, Morogoro region, Tanzania.The East African health research journal · 2025Article
- Examining functional sexual and reproductive health and right-based friendly services: perspectives from exit adolescents, caregivers, and health workers at health services delivery points in Tanzania.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Knowledge, attitude, intentional practice and individualized determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake among adults: A cross-sectional study in Tanzania.Nursing open · 2024Article
- Prevalence, medication adherence, and determinants of type 2 diabetes mellitus during Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic among adults in Tanzania.SAGE open medicine · 2024Article
- Systematic review: risk sexual behavior, sexually transmitted infections, and adolescent pregnancy prevention interventions.Journal of public health in Africa · 2023Article
- Article
- Enhancing pre-school teachers' competence in managing pediatric injuries in Pemba Island, Zanzibar.BMC pediatrics · 2022Article
- The effect of educational intervention on shaping safe sexual behavior based on problem-based pedagogy in the field of sex education and reproductive health: clinical trial among adolescents in Tanzania.Health psychology and behavioral medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAdolescents are currently becoming sexually active before their 18th birthday during which they have to battle with unsafe sexual behaviours, teenage pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and school dropouts. The trend is linked with low soft skills (self-esteem and assertiveness skills) for them to make informed, reasoned, and responsible decisions over sexual activities. This study designed and tested the effect of integrated reproductive health (RH) lesson materials in a problem-based pedagogy (PBP) to enhance soft skills for safe sexual behaviour among adolescents in Tanzania.
methodsA double-blinded clustered randomized controlled trial was conducted between September 2019 and September 2020 among 660 randomly selected adolescents. A Sexual-risk Behaviour Beliefs and Self-esteem Scale adopted from previous studies measured soft skills for safe sexual behaviour. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed by using the statistical analysis software programme version 9.4. The effect of the intervention was determined using Linear Mixed Model set at α error probability = 5% significance level (95% confidence interval) and a β error probability = 0.80.
findingsAdolescents' mean age was 15±1.869 with 57.5% females. The end-line findings indicated that the coefficient of soft skills was significantly higher among adolescents in the hybrid PBP (β=9.0986, p<0.01; 95%CI: 4.7772, 14.2311) and pure PBP (β =8.7114, p<0.01; 95%CI: 3.9990, 10.1208) than in the control group. The retention rate of soft skills was still significantly higher at 3-months follow-up (β=2.0044; p<0.01; 95%CI: 1.0234, 4.1182) and at 6-months follow-up (β=1.9803; p<0.01; 95%CI: 0.8399, 3.1099) compared to the baseline and immediate post-intervention assessments.
conclusionThe intervention substantially enhanced soft skills for safe sexual behaviour among adolescents of both sex. Despite the fact that scores for soft skills varied across the study timelines, adolescents demonstrated significant intentions to abstain from sexual intercourse, delay sexual relationships, negotiate condom use, and withstand sexual coercions. The PBP may need to be incorporated in ordinary level secondary school curricula as a formal guide to teachers and or health workers to optimally prepare adolescents for their healthy adulthood.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.