ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences2022
The Impact of Care Intensity and Work on the Mental Health of Family Caregivers: Losses and Gains.
Article in The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Implementation outcomes from a multi-site stepped wedge cluster randomized family caregiver skills training trial.Health services research · 2024Trial
- Mental health effects of caregiving for older parents in the United Kingdom: the roles of social support, neighborhood cohesion, and neighborhood deprivation.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- The Impact of Dementia Caregiving on the Health of the Spousal Caregiver.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- X-Linked Retinitis Pigmentosa (XLRP): An Investigation of the Impact of XLRP on Health-Related Quality of Life of Carers in Great Britain.Advances in therapy · 2026Article
- Variations in Mental Distress Among Caregivers of Individuals With Chronic Illnesses and Comorbid Cognitive Impairment.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- Associations between caregiver-provider communication quality and unmet care needs among older adults.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Growing up giving care: economic and educational outcomes for youth and young-adult caregivers.Health affairs scholar · 2026Article
- Stress and coping among dual caregivers in China: a grounded theory study of intergenerational caregiving.International journal of public health · 2026Article
- Associations between Caregiver-Provider Communication Quality and Unmet Care Needs Among Older Adults.Research square · 2025Article
- The emotional cost of containment: a cross-sectional analysis of treatment effects among informal carers in South Asia during the COVID-19 pandemic.Global health action · 2025Article
- Race, Social Context, and Caregiving Intensity: Impact on Depressive Symptoms Among Spousal Caregivers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Support for Care Economy Policies by Political Affiliation and Caregiving Responsibilities.JAMA health forum · 2025Article
- There Is No Place Like Home: The Impact of Public Home-Based Care on the Mental Health and Well-Being of Older People.Health economics · 2025Article
- Long-Term Care Services and Supports Needed for Successful Aging-in-Place: A Critical Review.Annual review of public health · 2025Review
- How are location and type of caring associated with the carer's mental health? Cross-sectional and longitudinal findings from SHARE.European journal of ageing · 2025Article
- Economic costs of family caregiving for persons with advanced stage cancer: a longitudinal cohort study.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2025Article
- Loneliness After Bereavement: The Role of Survivor Gender and Caregiving Involvement.Innovation in aging · 2025Article
- Development and Delivery of Enhanced Implementation Support to Disseminate a National Caregiver Skills Training Program.Innovation in aging · 2025Article
- Informal care in different European care systems: Effects of caregiving on mental health over time.PloS one · 2025Article
- Food for thought: more explicit guidance for inclusion of caregiver perspectives in health technology assessment.International journal of technology assessment in health care · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesWe estimate the causal impact of intensive caregiving, defined as providing at least 80 h of care per month, and work on the mental health of caregivers while considering possible sources of endogeneity in these relationships.
methodsWe use 2 linked data sources from the United States by matching caregivers in the National Study of Caregiving with corresponding care recipients in the National Health and Aging Trends Study for years 2011-2017. We address possible sources of endogeneity in the relationships between caregiving, work, and mental health by using instrumental variables methodology, instrumenting for both caregiving and work behavior. We examine 2 measures used to screen for depression (PHQ-2, psychodiagnostic test) and anxiety (GAD-2, generalized anxiety disorders screening instrument), a composite measure that combines these measures (PHQ-4), and positive well-being variables to ascertain possible gains from caregiving.
resultsProviding at least 80 h of care per month to a parent compared to less intensive caregiving increases the PHQ-4 scale for anxiety and depression disorders. This is driven by the screening score for anxiety and not psychodiagnostic test scores for depression. Relationship quality decreases substantially for intensive caregivers, and intensive caregiving leads to less satisfaction that the care recipient is well-cared for. We do not find offsetting mental health gains for intensive caregivers compared to nonintensive caregivers. Work does not independently affect the mental health of caregivers. DISCUSSION: Caregiver interventions that reduce objective demands or support intensive caregivers could reduce or prevent well-being losses and improve the caregiver's relationship with the recipient.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.