ArticleJournal of medical Internet research2022
The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Daily Activities, Cognitions, and Stress in a Lonely and Distressed Population: Temporal Dynamic Network Analysis.
Article in Journal of medical Internet research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- An individual participant data meta-analysis of how physical activity relates to affective well-being in daily life.Nature human behaviour · 2026Pooled it
- Health Consequences of COVID-19 Pandemic in Older Adults with Musculoskeletal Conditions: A Cross-Sectional Path Analysis Model.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Investigating the impact of COVID-19 related worries and loneliness on alcohol consumption: an ecological momentary assessment.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Objective risk and protective factors for momentary and daily loneliness:using digital phenotyping and temporal analysis.Npj mental health research · 2025Article
- Long-term risk of late-life depression in widowed elderly: a five-year follow-up study.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- The Role of Virtual Reality in Chronic Pain and Loneliness: Narrative Review.Journal of medical extended reality · 2025Review
- Evidence-based health messages increase intention to cope with loneliness in Germany: a randomized controlled online trial.NPJ digital medicine · 2024Article
- Staying Home, Tweeting Hope: Mixed Methods Study of Twitter Sentiment Geographical Index During US Stay-At-Home Orders.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Article
- An Entertainment-Education Video and Written Messages to Alleviate Loneliness in Germany: Pilot Randomized Controlled Study.JMIR formative research · 2023Article
- Temporal dynamics in mental health symptoms and loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic in a longitudinal probability sample: a network analysis.Translational psychiatry · 2023Article
- The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown on the Relationship between Pediatric MAFLD and Renal Function.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Perceived Social Support in Parents of Hospitalized Children During COVID-19.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Article
- The effects of momentary loneliness and COVID-19 stressors on hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis functioning: A lockdown stage changes the association between loneliness and salivary cortisol.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2022Article
- Population Health Metrics During the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Correlative Pilot Study.JMIR formative research · 2022Article
- Severe spaghetti wrist injury: Should we expand the terminology from wrist to proximal forearm?Joint diseases and related surgery · 2022Article
- Positive and negative experiences with the COVID-19 pandemic among lonely and non-lonely populations in Germany.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Anxiety, depression, stress, worry about COVID-19 and fear of loneliness during COVID-19 lockdown in Peru: A network analysis approach.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic and its associated lockdown measures impacted mental health worldwide. However, the temporal dynamics of causal factors that modulate mental health during lockdown are not well understood.
objectiveWe aimed to understand how a COVID-19 lockdown changes the temporal dynamics of loneliness and other factors affecting mental health. This is the first study that compares network characteristics between lockdown stages to prioritize mental health intervention targets.
methodsWe combined ecological momentary assessments with wrist-worn motion tracking to investigate the mechanism and changes in network centrality of symptoms and behaviors before and during lockdown. A total of 258 participants who reported at least mild loneliness and distress were assessed 8 times a day for 7 consecutive days over a 213-day period from August 8, 2020, through March 9, 2021, in Germany, covering a "no-lockdown" and a "lockdown" stage. COVID-19-related worry, information-seeking, perceived restriction, and loneliness were assessed by digital visual analog scales ranging from 0 to 100. Social activity was assessed on a 7-point Likert scale, while physical activity was recorded from wrist-worn actigraphy devices.
resultsWe built a multilevel vector autoregressive model to estimate dynamic networks. To compare network characteristics between a no-lockdown stage and a lockdown stage, we performed permutation tests. During lockdown, loneliness had the highest impact within the network, as indicated by its centrality index (ie, an index to identify variables that have a strong influence on the other variables). Moreover, during lockdown, the centrality of loneliness significantly increased. Physical activity contributed to a decrease in loneliness amid the lockdown stage.
conclusionsThe COVID-19 lockdown increased the central role of loneliness in triggering stress-related behaviors and cognition. Our study indicates that loneliness should be prioritized in mental health interventions during lockdown. Moreover, physical activity can serve as a buffer for loneliness amid social restrictions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.