ArticleJMIR formative research2022
How Vaccine Ambivalence Can Lead People Who Inject Drugs to Decline COVID-19 Vaccination and Ways This Can Be Addressed: Qualitative Study.
Article in JMIR formative research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Designing and evaluating a technology-based intervention to address deep ambivalence about COVID vaccination among people who inject drugs.Health education research · 2025Trial
- Predictors of COVID-19 vaccine uptake and preferences for service delivery among people who inject drugs accessing a syringe service program.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Challenges in coverage of future hepatitis C vaccines: Review and potential solutions.Vaccine · 2025Review
- Susceptibility to Hepatitis B Virus Infection Among People Who Inject Drugs in Montreal, Canada.Drug and alcohol review · 2025Article
- Navigating the COVID-19 Risk Environment, Overdose Prevention, and Self Care Practices of People Who Use Illicit Opioids in New York City.Substance use & misuse · 2025Article
- Identifying barriers to hepatitis B and delta screening, prevention, and linkage to care among people who use drugs in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- COVID-19 vaccine implementation at a syringe services program: experiences of frontline staff.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Barriers to, and Facilitators of, Checking Drugs for Adulterants in the Era of Fentanyl and Xylazine: Qualitative Study.JMIR formative research · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- COVID-19 vaccination uptake and determinants of booster vaccination among persons who inject drugs in New York City.PloS one · 2024Article
- 'It's a fragile open door'-enhancing COVID-19 vaccination rates in people receiving treatment for substance use disorder.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Prevalence and correlates of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among people who inject drugs in Baltimore, Maryland.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2023Article
- Controlled Human Infection Model for Hepatitis C Virus Vaccine Development: Trial Design Considerations.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Combined COVID-19 vaccination and hepatitis C virus screening intervention in marginalised populations in Spain.Communications medicine · 2023Article
- COVID-19 vaccination acceptability and experiences among people who inject drugs in San Diego County.Preventive medicine reports · 2022Article
- Study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial to increase COVID-19 testing and vaccination among people who inject drugs in San Diego County.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2022Article
- Uptake of COVID-19 vaccination among people who inject drugs.Harm reduction journal · 2022Article
- A cross-sectional study of factors associated with COVID-19 testing among people who inject drugs: missed opportunities for reaching those most at risk.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Using the participatory education and research into lived experience (PEARLE) methodology to localize content and target specific populations.Frontiers in digital health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPeople who inject drugs are disproportionately impacted by SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, yet they do not frequently accept vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 when offered.
objectiveThis study aimed to explore why people who inject drugs decline free vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and how barriers to vaccination can potentially be addressed.
methodsWe conducted semistructured qualitative interviews with 17 unvaccinated adult persons who inject drugs during August and September 2021 at a New York City syringe service program, where approximately three-fourth of participants identified as Latino (55%) or African American (22%). Interviews lasted roughly 20 minutes. The interview guide examined reasons for declining vaccination, participants' understanding of COVID-19 risks, and how messages could be developed to encourage vaccine uptake among people who inject drugs.
resultsParticipants acknowledged that they faced increased risk from SARS-CoV-2 owing to their injection drug use but feared that long-term substance use may have weakened their health, making them especially vulnerable to side effects. Fears of possible side effects, compounded by widespread medical mistrust and questions about the overall value of vaccination contributed to marked ambivalence among our sample. The desire to protect children and older family members emerged as key potential facilitators of vaccination.
conclusionsCommunity-developed messages are needed in outreach efforts to explain the importance of vaccination, including the far greater dangers of COVID-19 compared to possible unintended side effects. Messages that emphasize vaccines' ability to prevent inadvertently infecting loved ones, may help increase uptake. Community-focused messaging strategies, such as those used to increase HIV and hepatitis C virus testing and overdose prevention among people who inject drugs, may prove similarly effective.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.