ArticleAnalytical and bioanalytical chemistry2022
Unambiguous identification and determination of A234-Novichok nerve agent biomarkers in biological fluids using GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS.
Article in Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- p-Nitrophenoxy analogs as practical surrogates for Novichok-related biomarker verification in forensic toxicology.Forensic toxicology · 2026Article
- Identification of Butyrylcholinesterase-Derived Small Molecule Peptides Indicative of Novichok Nerve Agent Exposures.Chemical research in toxicology · 2025Article
- Acetohydroxamic acid salts: mild, simple and effective degradation reagents to counter Novichok nerve agents.RSC advances · 2024Article
- A-agents, misleadingly known as "Novichoks": a narrative review.Archives of toxicology · 2023Review
- Analysis of degradation products of Novichok agents in human urine by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Forensic toxicology · 2023Article
- Precisely predicting theScientific reports · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The present study was intended to develop suitable methods for unambiguous identification and determination of ethyl (1-(diethylamino)ethylidene) phosphoramidofluoridate (known as A234-Novichok) biomarkers in urine and plasma samples. Multiple biomarkers were investigated for the first time, to verify intoxication by the A234-Novichok agent, using sensitive and accurate techniques including gas and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS). Like other nerve agents, in biological matrices, the A234-Novichok agent reacts with several proteins to form related adducts. Considering this, two different protein adduct biomarkers in blood samples were analyzed, and the regenerated A234 was determined. Two-dimensional chromatography and solid-phase extraction techniques were employed for blood sample preparation. Limits of detection for butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) adduct, the regenerated A234, and albumin covalent adduct were determined and reported as 1, 1, and 10 ng mL
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