ReviewNature reviews. Neurology2022
The role of glial cells in multiple sclerosis disease progression.
Review in Nature reviews. Neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 134 citations in OpenAlex.
- The dual role of mTOR in multiple sclerosis pathophysiology: a systematic review.Journal of neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Serum GFAP and Age Accurately Distinguish AQP4-IgG Positive and Double Seronegative NMOSD From MOGAD After a Recent Attack.European journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Review
- Co-Administration of LPC and LPS Enhanced the Spinal Cord Vulnerability in a Mouse Model of Focal Demyelination.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2026Article
- Piezo1 in the central nervous system: decoding the mechanical signature of neuroinflammation.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- The hypoxia-inflammation cycle as a key mechanism of smoldering inflammation and progression in multiple sclerosis.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Review
- Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Multiple Sclerosis: Mechanistic Considerations Across Relapsing and Progressive Disease.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Adjunctive strategies in multiple sclerosis treatment: non-pharmacological approaches and their potential clinical implications.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- FKBP5 regulates interferon signaling leading to myeloid cell activation in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Neuroglial Function and Hormonal Modulation in Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Influence of Sex Hormones.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Electroacupuncture alleviates blood-brain barrier disruption and neuroinflammation via astrocytic MC4R in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Role of TREM2 in neuroinflammation regulation: mechanisms, disease associations, and therapeutic translation advances.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in microglia exacerbates demyelination and neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis: insights from humans and cuprizone-induced demyelination model mice.Cell death and differentiation · 2025Article
- Spatial protein profiling reveals active roles for astrocytes in the chronic active lesion core during multiple sclerosis.Acta neuropathologica · 2025Article
- Blood biomarkers for predicting disability worsening in progressive multiple sclerosis: a multinational, individual participant-level analysis.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2025Article
- Multiple sclerosis: molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Multi-tracer PET and MR imaging visualize distinct metabolic and inflammatory profiles in the white matter of NMOSD and MOGAD.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Article
- Demyelinated lesion associated compartmental inflammation in progressive multiple sclerosis brains.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2025Article
- Combination therapy dramatically promotes remyelination.Journal of molecular cell biology · 2025Article
- Glial Cytokine and Metabolic Networks in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: From Pathophysiology to Biomarkers and Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite the development of highly effective treatments for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), limited progress has been made in addressing primary progressive or secondary progressive MS, both of which lead to loss of oligodendrocytes and neurons and axons, and to irreversible accumulation of disability. Neuroinflammation is central to all forms of MS. The current effective therapies for relapsing-remitting MS target the peripheral immune system; these treatments, however, have repeatedly failed in progressive MS. Greater understanding of inflammation driven by CNS-resident cells - including astrocytes and microglia - is, therefore, required to identify novel potential therapeutic opportunities. Advances in imaging, biomarker analysis and genomics suggest that microglia and astrocytes have central roles in the progressive disease process. In this Review, we provide an overview of the involvement of astrocytes and microglia at major sites of pathology in progressive MS. We discuss current and future therapeutic approaches to directly target glial cells, either to inhibit pathogenic functions or to restore homeostatic functions lost during the course of the disease. We also discuss how bidirectional communication between astrocytes and microglia needs to be considered, as therapeutic targeting of one is likely to alter the functions of the other.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.