SynthesisBMJ open2022
PrEP distribution in pharmacies: a systematic review.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative Workflow Modelling of HIV Status-Neutral Care Implementation in Six High-Burden Jurisdictions in the United States: A Qualitative Study.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of pharmacy-based HIV pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis delivery: a cluster-randomized trial in Kenya.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Acceptability and implementation considerations for community pharmacy-based delivery of pre-exposure prophylaxis and antiretroviral therapy in Dar es Salaam: a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Extreme Community PrEP Stigma Perceptions as a Potential Deterrent to PrEP Use Among Black and Latino Men Who Have Sex with Men in the Deep South.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Article
- The PrEP Pharmacy Reach Study: Protocol for the Creation of Maps to Visualize the Impact of Expanding Access to HIV Prevention Services Through Pharmacies.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Article
- Investigating the potential accessibility to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis via community pharmacies and sexual health clinics: a scoping review of two integrated care systems in London.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Mobile Health Intervention Tools Promoting HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: Scoping Review.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2025Article
- PrEP Navigator Perceptions of the Implementation of Injectable PrEP on HIV Prevention in Tennessee.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Qualitative exploration of the barriers and facilitators to community pharmacy PrEP delivery for UK pharmacists and underserved community members using the COM-B model of behaviour change.Sexually transmitted infections · 2025Article
- Innovation in Providing Equitable Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Services in the United States: Expanding Access in Nontraditional Settings.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Article
- Article
- Preferences for Delivery of HIV Prevention Services Among Healthcare Users in South Africa: A Discrete Choice Experiment.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Feasibility and Impact of Community Pharmacy and Novel Pick-up Points for Antiretroviral Therapy Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Initiation and Continuation in Low and Middle-income Countries.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2024Review
- Pre-exposure prophylaxis implementation gaps among people vulnerable to HIV acquisition: a cross-sectional analysis in two communities in western Kenya, 2021-2023.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Article
- Implementation Science of Integrating Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Pharmacist-Led Services in the United States.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2024Review
- Getting HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) into Private Pharmacies: Global Delivery Models and Research Directions.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2024Review
- Leveling Up PrEP: Implementation Strategies at System and Structural Levels to Expand PrEP Use in the United States.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2024Review
- Facilitators and barriers to community pharmacy PrEP delivery: a scoping review.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionNovel mechanisms of service delivery are needed to expand access to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention. Providing PrEP directly through pharmacies could offer an additional option for reaching potential users.
methodsWe conducted a systematic review of studies examining effectiveness, values and preferences of end users and health workers, and cost of PrEP initiation and continuation through pharmacies (pharmacy access). We searched PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS and EMBASE through 2 December 2020. We also searched clinical trial registries and recent HIV conference abstracts. Standardised methods were used to search, screen and extract data from included studies.
resultsNo studies met the inclusion criteria for the effectiveness review, for either PrEP initiation or continuation. However, six 'case studies' presenting non-comparative data from PrEP pharmacy programmes demonstrated feasibility of this model in the USA. Eleven studies reported values and preferences of end users and health workers. In the USA, Kenya and South Africa, potential PrEP clients generally supported pharmacy access, although some preferred clinics. One study of PrEP pharmacy clients found all would 'definitely recommend' the programme. Six studies found pharmacists were generally supportive of offering PrEP; one study including doctors found more limited favour, while one study of diverse Kenyan stakeholders found broad support. Three studies reported cost data indicating client willingness to pay in the USA and Kenya and initial sustainability of a clinic financial model in the USA.
conclusionProvision of PrEP through pharmacies has been demonstrated to be feasible in the USA and acceptable to potential end users and stakeholders in multiple settings. Limited evidence on effectiveness and requirements for laboratory testing and assurance of high-quality services may limit enthusiasm for this approach. Further research is needed to determine if pharmacy access is a safe and effective way to help achieve global HIV prevention goals. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42021231650.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.