ReviewTrends in cancer2022
The spectrum of sex differences in cancer.
Review in Trends in cancer, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
85 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 131 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bone flap preservation versus removal with immediate mesh cranioplasty for post-craniotomy infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurosurgical review · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The male-to-female ratio in late-onset multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Age and sex differences in the global cancer burden.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Article
- Sex differences in non-reproductive cancers: mechanistic roles of sex-hormone signaling.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- A pan-cancer single-cell atlas uncovers the role of sex hormones and chromosomes in sex-divergent reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Sex differences in cancer incidence among people with HIV infection in the United States.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2026Article
- Sex disparity in liver cancer recurrence-from bench to bedside.Hepatobiliary surgery and nutrition · 2026Article
- Primary Tumor-Associated Loss of the Y Chromosome and Clinical Outcome in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.Genes, chromosomes & cancer · 2026Article
- Time-restricted feeding extends healthspan in both sexes and lifespan in male C57BL/6 J mice.Nature aging · 2026Article
- Article
- Sex-based immune differences influence tumor progression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Oral oncology · 2026Article
- Sex-based molecular and prognostic disparities in pan-cancer: an analysis across the global cohorts.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Article
- Sex-specific prognostic value of triceps skinfold thickness and albumin in pancreatic cancer.iScience · 2026Article
- Article
- Sex Differences in Cancer-Associated Thrombosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- NF-κB and STAT3 signaling uniquely stratify survival in female glioblastoma patients.iScience · 2026Article
- Beyond XX and XY, Understanding Sex Differences in Leukemia.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Regional, demographic and temporal trends in anemia and malignant cancer-related mortality in U.S. older adults: a nationwide CDC WONDER analysis (1999-2020).Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Erythrocyte-microglia crosstalk contributing to sex differences in pediatric brain tumorigenesis.Research square · 2025Article
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Sex differences in cellular and systems biology have been evolutionarily selected to optimize reproductive success in all species with little (sperm) and big (ova) gamete producers. They are evident from the time of fertilization and accrue throughout development through genetic, epigenetic, and circulating sex hormone-dependent mechanisms. Among other effects, they significantly impact on chromatin organization, metabolism, cell cycle regulation, immunity, longevity, and cancer risk and survival. Sex differences in cancer should be expected and accounted for in basic, translational, and clinical oncology research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.