ArticleVaccine2022
The role of perceived social norms in college student vaccine hesitancy: Implications for COVID-19 prevention strategies.
Article in Vaccine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Healthy lifestyle culture in universities as institutional normativity: a sociological systematic review.Frontiers in sociology · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence and determinants of vaccination intention towards routine immunizations in university students: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- The syndemic nexus: How vaccine hesitancy and COVID-19 interact to influence vaccine uptake among university students.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Characteristics of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in university students: Methodological insights from a syndemic perspective.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Article
- Evaluating patients' trust in health information based on different dimensions of trust.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A new experimental approach to manipulate social identity and social norms about protective behaviors in a virtual social environment.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- The Impact of Social Media Addiction on Vaccine Hesitancy Among Nursing Students: Testing an Empirical Model.Nursing open · 2026Observational
- Enhancing COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Within Scotland Black, African, and Caribbean Communities and Lessons for Future Vaccination Programmes.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Talking About Sex: Sexual Communication in the Context of Sexual Revictimization.Journal of child sexual abuse · 2026Article
- Beyond emotions: Social cognitive predictors of COVID-19 vaccination intentions before and after vaccine roll-out.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Improving vaccine communication to the often-overlooked young adult population: A qualitative study of 20-29 year olds in British Columbia, Canada.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Factors Influencing COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy and Booster Dose Adherence Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Crete, Greece.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Cannabis to cope with COVID-19 in college.Journal of American college health : J of ACH · 2025Article
- Sexual Assault Labeling Over Time Among Gender and Sexual Identity Groups: How and Why Survivors' Perceptions Changed.Sex roles · 2025Article
- The influence of descriptive norms and media trust on male HPV vaccination willingness: an extended protection motivation theory approach.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Improving United States HPV vaccination rates: Factors predictive of parental attitudes towards middle school entry requirements.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Associations Among Emotion Regulation, COVID Stress, Alcohol Use, and Intimate Partner Aggression Among College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of family violence · 2024Article
- Is Covid-19 "vaccine uptake" in postsecondary education a "problem"? A critical policy inquiry.Health (London, England : 1997) · 2024Article
- Integrating youth participatory action research and health communication to inform youth and young adult covid-19 vaccine communication research.Health education research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Among US adults, the highest rates of hesitancy to receive the COVID-19 vaccine are among young adults aged 18 to 25. Vaccine hesitancy is particularly concerning among young adults in college, where social interactions on densely populated campuses can lead to substantial community spread. Given that many colleges have opted not to mandate vaccines, identification of modifiable predictors of vaccine hesitancy - such as perceived social norms - is key to informing interventions to promote vaccine uptake. To address this need, we examined predictors of and explicit reasons for vaccine hesitancy among 989 students aged 18 to 25 recruited from four geographically diverse US universities in the spring of 2021. At the time of the survey, 57.3% had been vaccinated, 13.7% intended to be vaccinated as soon as possible, and 29.0% were vaccine hesitant. Common reasons for hesitancy were wanting to see how it affected others first (75.2%), not believing it was necessary (30.0%), and other reasons (17.4%), which were examined via content analysis and revealed prominent safety concerns. Despite these varied explicit reasons, logistic regressions revealed that, when controlling for demographics and pandemic-related experiences, perceived descriptive and injunctive social norms for vaccine uptake were each significant predictors of vaccine hesitancy (ORs = 0.35 and 0.78, respectively). When both norms were entered into the same model, only perceived descriptive norms uniquely predicted vaccine hesitancy (OR = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.29 - 0.46). Findings suggest perceived social norms are strongly associated with vaccine-related behavior among young adult college students. Correcting normative misperceptions may be a promising approach to increase vaccine uptake and slow the spread of COVID-19 among young adults.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.