Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35189361›Full record

ArticleNeuroImage2022

Moving beyond the 'CAP' of the Iceberg: Intrinsic connectivity networks in fMRI are continuously engaging and overlapping.

A Iraji, A Faghiri, Z Fu, P Kochunov, B M Adhikari, A Belger, J M Ford, S McEwen, D H Mathalon, G D Pearlson and 6 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NeuroImage, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Distinct Brain Drivers and Shared Cerebello-Cortical Input in ADCY5 and SGCE Hyperkinetic Movements.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
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  6. Spatiotemporal Network Dynamics Reveal Alzheimer's Disease Progression.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
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  12. Article
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  15. Human brain state dynamics reflect individual neuro-phenotypes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

A IrajiTri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America. Electronic address: armin.iraji@gmail.com.
A FaghiriTri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.
Z FuTri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.
P KochunovMaryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
B M AdhikariMaryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
A BelgerDepartment of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America.
J M FordDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America; San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States of America.
S McEwenDepartment of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
D H MathalonDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America; San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States of America.
G D PearlsonDepartments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America.
S G PotkinDepartment of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America.
A PredaDepartment of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America.
J A TurnerDepartment of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.
T G M Van ErpClinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America.
C ChangDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America.
V D CalhounTri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America. Electronic address: vcalhoun@gsu.edu.

Funding

FUNCTION BIRNU24RR021992 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI POTKIN, STEVEN G · 2006 to 2010
$25.0M
BIO-INFORMATICS RESEARCH NETWORK COORDINATING CENTER (BIRN-CC)U24RR025736 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI KESSELMAN, CARL · 2009 to 2011
$15.0M
SOLAR-Eclipse Computational Tools for Imaging GeneticsR01EB015611 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON · PI KOCHUNOV, PETER V. · 2012 to 2024
$5.0M
Male/Female differences in psychosis and mood disorders:Dynamic imaging-genomic models for characterizing and predicting psychosis and mood dR01MH118695 · NIMH · GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY · PI ADALI, TULAY, CALHOUN, VINCE D · 2019 to 2023
$3.8M
Unified multivariate data-driven solutions for static and dynamic brain connectivityR01EB020407 · NIBIB · THE MIND RESEARCH NETWORK · PI ADALI, TULAY, CALHOUN, VINCE D · 2015 to 2018
$2.7M
Hybrid GPU/CPU Computing Resource to Support Connectomic and GenomicsS10OD023696 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI KOCHUNOV, PETER V. · 2018 to 2018
$593k
Rescuing the ruminating brain: Identifying biomarkers of rumination and mindfulness through concurrent EEG and fMRI studies of schizophrenia and depressionI01CX000497 · VA · VETERANS AFFAIRS MED CTR SAN FRANCISCO · PI Judith M Ford · 2011 to 2026
–
CSRD VA I01 CX000497NCRR NIH HHS U24 RR021992NCRR NIH HHS U24 RR025736NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB015611NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB020407NIH HHS S10 OD023696NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH118695
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging is currently the mainstay of functional neuroimaging and has allowed researchers to identify intrinsic connectivity networks (aka functional networks) at different spatial scales. However, little is known about the temporal profiles of these networks and whether it is best to model them as continuous phenomena in both space and time or, rather, as a set of temporally discrete events. Both categories have been supported by series of studies with promising findings. However, a critical question is whether focusing only on time points presumed to contain isolated neural events and disregarding the rest of the data is missing important information, potentially leading to misleading conclusions. In this work, we argue that brain networks identified within the spontaneous blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal are not limited to temporally sparse burst moments and that these event present time points (EPTs) contain valuable but incomplete information about the underlying functional patterns. We focus on the default mode and show evidence that is consistent with its continuous presence in the BOLD signal, including during the event absent time points (EATs), i.e., time points that exhibit minimum activity and are the least likely to contain an event. Moreover, our findings suggest that EPTs may not contain all the available information about their corresponding networks. We observe distinct default mode connectivity patterns obtained from all time points (AllTPs), EPTs, and EATs. We show evidence of robust relationships with schizophrenia symptoms that are both common and unique to each of the sets of time points (AllTPs, EPTs, EATs), likely related to transient patterns of connectivity. Together, these findings indicate the importance of leveraging the full temporal data in functional studies, including those using event-detection approaches.

Indexed as

Brain MappingMagnetic Resonance ImagingBrainFunctional NeuroimagingHumansNerve NetActivation spatial map (ASM)Co-activation patterns (CAPs)Event absent time points (EATs)Event present time points (EPTs)Functional connectivity (FC)Independent component analysis (ICA)Intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs)

Identifiers

PMID35189361
PMCPMC9107614

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.