ArticleNucleic acids research2022
The transient Spt4-Spt5 complex as an upstream regulator of non-coding RNAs during development.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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12 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transposon targeting non-coding RNA transcription targets G/C-rich tracts and is facilitated by an intrinsically disordered protein in Tetrahymena.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Article
- The tiny germline chromosomes of Paramecium aurelia have an exceptionally high recombination rate and are capped by a new class of Helitrons.BMC biology · 2026Article
- A histone methyltransferase-independent function of PRC2 controls small RNA dynamics during programmed DNA elimination in Paramecium.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Soma-derived 30-nt small RNAs are coupled with chromosome breakage and precisely target nontransposon DNA against elimination inScience advances · 2025Article
- A specialized TFIIB is required for transcription of transposon-targeting noncoding RNAs.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Functions and mechanisms of eukaryotic RNA-guided programmed DNA elimination.Biochemical Society transactions · 2025Review
- ISWI1 complex proteins facilitate developmental genome editing inGenome research · 2025Article
- The PIWI-interacting protein Gtsf1 controls the selective degradation of small RNAs in Paramecium.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Genes and proteins expressed at different life cycle stages in the model protist Euplotes vannus revealed by both transcriptomic and proteomic approaches.Science China. Life sciences · 2025Article
- A SUMO E3 ligase promotes long non-coding RNA transcription to regulate small RNA-directed DNA elimination.eLife · 2024Article
- Transcription elongation factors OsSPT4 and OsSPT5 are essential for rice growth and development and act with APO2.Plant cell reports · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Spt4-Spt5 complex is conserved and essential RNA polymerase elongation factor. To investigate the role of the Spt4-Spt5 complex in non-coding transcription during development, we used the unicellular model Paramecium tetraurelia. In this organism harboring both germline and somatic nuclei, massive transcription of the entire germline genome takes place during meiosis. This phenomenon starts a series of events mediated by different classes of non-coding RNAs that control developmentally programmed DNA elimination. We focused our study on Spt4, a small zinc-finger protein encoded in P. tetraurelia by two genes expressed constitutively and two genes expressed during meiosis. SPT4 genes are not essential in vegetative growth, but they are indispensable for sexual reproduction, even though genes from both expression families show functional redundancy. Silencing of the SPT4 genes resulted in the absence of double-stranded ncRNAs and reduced levels of scnRNAs - 25 nt-long sRNAs produced from these double-stranded precursors in the germline nucleus. Moreover, we observed that the presence of a germline-specific Spt4-Spt5m complex is necessary for transfer of the scnRNA-binding PIWI protein between the germline and somatic nucleus. Our study establishes that Spt4, together with Spt5m, is essential for expression of the germline genome and necessary for developmental genome rearrangements.
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