ReviewTherapeutic advances in ophthalmology
Floppy eyelid, an under-diagnosed syndrome: a review of demographics, pathogenesis, and treatment.
Review in Therapeutic advances in ophthalmology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ocular manifestations of obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Pooled it
- Comparison of ocular surface assessment outcomes between healthy controls and patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome: a meta-analysis of the literature.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Pooled it
- Epidemiology of eyelid disorders in an elderly population: Tehran Geriatric Eye Study.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Mean human corneal diameter and palpebral fissure lengths as scales for forensic analysis of photographed faces: an analytical review.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Review
- Relationship Between Floppy Eyelid Syndrome and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: An Umbrella Review.Journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Ultrasound imaging in floppy eyelid syndrome: anatomical and clinical considerations.Journal of ultrasonography · 2025Article
- The relationship between involutional ectropion and inflammatory disorders of the eyelids and ocular surface: insights from a large-scale national study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Crosslinking of tarsal collagen as a hypothetical therapy for dry eye disease.Medical hypothesis, discovery & innovation ophthalmology journal · 2025Article
- The role of inflammatory periocular, ocular surface and systemic diseases in involutional ectropion.Eye (London, England) · 2024Article
- The Overlooked Floppy Eyelid Syndrome: From Diagnosis to Medical and Surgical Management.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Obesity, body fat distribution and eye diseases.Eating and weight disorders : EWD · 2024Review
- Tape-splint tarsorrhaphy technique to manage exposure keratopathy in a patient refusing surgical intervention.Clinical case reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Floppy eyelid syndrome (FES) is a frequent eyelid disorder characterized by eyelid laxity that determines a spontaneous eyelid eversion during sleep associated with chronic papillary conjunctivitis and systemic diseases. FES is an under-diagnosed syndrome for the inaccuracy of definition and the lack of diagnostic criteria. Eyelid laxity can result from a number of involutional, local, and systemic diseases. Thus, it is pivotal to use the right terminology. When the increased distractibility of the upper or lower eyelid is an isolated condition, it is defined as 'lax eyelid condition' (LAC). When laxity is associated with ocular surface disorder such as papillary conjunctivitis and dry eyes, it can be referred to as 'lax eyelid syndrome' (LES). However, FES is characterized by the finding of a very loose upper eyelid which everts very easily and papillary tarsal conjunctivitis affecting a specific population of patients, typically male, of middle age and overweight. Obesity in middle-aged male is also recognized as the strongest risk factor in obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome, (OSAHS). FES has been reported as the most frequent ocular disorder associated with OSAHS. Patients with FES often complain of non-pathognomonic ocular signs and symptoms such as pain, foreign body sensation, redness, photophobia, and lacrimation. Due to these clinical features, FES is often misdiagnosed while an early recognition might be important to avoid its chronic, distressing course and the associated morbidities. This review provides an updated overview on FES by describing the epidemiology, proposed pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, related ocular, and systemic diseases, and treatment options.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.