ArticleBioMed research international2022
Identification of Potential Biomarkers of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-Related Immune Infiltration Using Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis.
Article in BioMed research international, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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11 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- T-Cell Signaling Pathways, Including Exhaustion, Predominate in Unhealthy Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026Article
- Machine learning and bioinformatics identify and validate membrane protein biomarkers for type 2 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Empagliflozin targeted the immune-related gene PIK3CA in type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment: network pharmacology analysis and experimental evidence.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Interplay Between Insulin Resistance and Immune Dysregulation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Implications for Therapeutic Interventions.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2025Review
- Inflammation Promotes Insulin Resistance: Analysis Based on Inflammation Indices Obtained from the Complete Blood Count.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- TLR9: A Double-Dealing Toll-Like Receptor.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2025Review
- Tlr9 deficiency in B cells leads to obesity by promoting inflammation and gut dysbiosis.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Identification of HDAC9 and ARRDC4 as potential biomarkers and targets for treatment of type 2 diabetes.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Editorial: Transcriptional regulation of glucose metabolism: gaps and controversies, volume II.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Influences of resolvin D1 and D2 on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a Chinese community-based cohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Bulk and single-cell transcriptome analyses of islet tissue unravel gene signatures associated with pyroptosis and immune infiltration in type 2 diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
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4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation, showing an increasing trend. The infiltration of immune cells into adipose tissue has been shown to be an important pathogenic cause of T2DM. The purpose of this study is to use the relevant database to identify some abnormally expressed or dysfunctional genes related to diabetes from the perspective of immune infiltration.
methodsWeighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was employed to systematically identify the coexpressed gene modules and hub genes associated with T2DM development based on a microarray dataset (GSE23561) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The key genes in modules highly related to clinical features were calculated and screened by using R software, and their participation in T2DM was determined by gene enrichment analysis. The mRNA levels of CSF1R, H2AFV, LCK, and TLR9 in pre-T2DM mice and normal wild-type mice were detected by WGCNA screening and real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).
resultsWe constructed 14 coexpressed gene modules, and the brown module was shown to be significantly related to T2DM. Through verification of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, four upregulated hub genes, CSF1R, H2AFV, LCK, and TLR9, were screened from the brown module and successfully distinguishedT2DM patients from healthy people. These hub genes may be used as biomarkers and important indicators for patient diagnosis. Enrichment analysis showed that these hub genes were highly associated with IL-6-related inflammatory metabolism, immune regulation, and immune cell infiltration. Finally, we verified the hub genes CSF1R, LCK, and TLR9 in a T2DM animal model and found that their mRNA levels were significantly higher in animals with T2DM than in control group mice (NC).
conclusionsIn summary, our results suggest that these hub genes (CSF1R, LCK, and TLR9) can serve as biomarkers and immunotherapeutic targets for T2DM.
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