ArticleFrontiers in medicine2021
Association Between Drinking Water Sources and Osteoarthritis Incidence in Chinese Elderly Population: National Population-Based Cohort Study.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Self-reported health as a predictor of cardiometabolic multimorbidity in Chinese older adults: a national cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Association between living environmental quality and risk of arthritis in middle-aged and older adults: a national study in China.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe elderly is a vulnerable group susceptible to toxic environmental factors; however, the association between unsafe water and osteoarthritis (OA) incident among this population is poorly investigated. This study aimed to examine the effects of drinking water sources on OA risk in the Chinese elderly population.
methodsData were obtained from the China Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey to perform a 16-year longitudinal study. All participants aged ≥65 years at baseline were potentially eligible. Information on drinking water sources was recorded via a structured questionnaire. The water source was classified as well, surface, spring, or tap. OA was selected as the health outcome. Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted socio-demographics, lifestyle, and chronic disease were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for OA. Subgroup analyses were performed to assess the potential interactive effect.
resultsA total of 12,543 participants were included. With restriction to the longest follow-up time, the mean survival time of follow-up was 14.56 years. Among the cohort members, 1,585 members suffered from OA. In the full model, drinking from well water and spring water was associated with a higher risk of OA compared with drinking from tap water (HR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.22-1.54; HR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.03-1.74). Except for age, the effects of modifications from socioeconomic status, lifestyles, and health conditions were non-significant (
conclusionDrinking tap water was associated with a low risk of OA among older adults in China. The use of clean water sources as a marker of decreased OA and arthritis risks must be revisited in low- and middle-income countries.
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