ArticleFrontiers in oncology2021
Identification of Immune Subtypes of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Integrative Genome-Scale Analysis.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- The role of the tumor microenvironment in drug resistance acquisition in lung squamous cell carcinoma.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Review
- Integrative machine learning model for subtype identification and prognostic prediction in lung squamous cell carcinoma.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Population-based high-dimensional analyses identify multiple intrinsic characters for cancer vaccines against lung squamous cell carcinoma.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundCharacterization of the tumor microenvironment is helpful to understand the tumor immune environment of lung cancer and help predict the prognosis.
methodsFirst, immune subtypes were identified by consensus subtype among lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC) patients. Immune cell infiltration was evaluated by CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE analyses. Then, based on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified, a risk score model was constructed. Finally, gene
findingsLUSC samples were divided into four heterogeneous immune subtypes, with significantly different prognoses with subtype 4 having the poorest overall survival (OS). The immune infiltration score showed that subtype 4 was characterized as immune enriched and fibrotic, while subtype 3 was tumor enriched. DEG analysis showed that upregulated genes in subtype 4 were enriched of neutrophil and exhausted T cell-related biological processes. Based on a univariate Cox regression model, prognostic 7 immune-related genes were combined to construct a risk score model and able to predict OS rates in the validation datasets. Wound healing and transwell assay were conducted to evaluate the invasion property after activating the gene
interpretationThe analysis of tumor immune microenvironments among LUSC subtypes may provide new insights into the strategy of immunotherapy.
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