ArticleJournal of rehabilitation and assistive technologies engineering
Garments for functional electrical stimulation: Design and proofs of concept.
Article in Journal of rehabilitation and assistive technologies engineering. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Design of Electrodes and Interfaces for Non-Contact and Capacitive Biomedical Measurements: Terminology, Electrical Model, and System Analysis.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Comfort, consistency, and efficiency of garments with textile electrodes versus hydrogel electrodes for neuromuscular electrical stimulation in a randomized crossover trial.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Electrical Stimulation of Denervated Muscle: A Narrative Review.Artificial organs · 2026Review
- A dual-function dry electrode for electromyography recording and transcutaneous electrical stimulation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Electroceuticals for Paralympic Athletes: A Fair Play and Classification Concern?Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Electrical stimulation in upper limb assistance: opportunities and challenges.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
- A new modular neuroprosthesis suitable for hybrid FES-robot applications and tailored assistance.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Article
- A novel functional electrical stimulation sleeve based on textile-embedded dry electrodes.Biomedical engineering online · 2024Article
- Benchtop Performance of Novel Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conductive Electrode Form Factors for Biopotential Recordings.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Advance in pediatric spinal cord injury.Pediatric discovery · 2024Review
- A dry polymer nanocomposite transcutaneous electrode for functional electrical stimulation.Biomedical engineering online · 2024Article
- Seamlessly integrated textile electrodes and conductive routing in a garment for electrostimulation: design, manufacturing and evaluation.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Electronic textiles: New age of wearable technology for healthcare and fitness solutions.Materials today. Bio · 2023Review
- Conformable Electrode Arrays for Wearable Neuroprostheses.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Production of rGO-Based Electrospinning Nanocomposites Incorporated in Recycled PET as an Alternative Dry Electrode.Polymers · 2022Article
- Design and fast-fabrication of a system for functional electrical stimulation in upper limb of people with tetraplegia.Spinal cord series and cases · 2022Article
- The role of electrical stimulation for rehabilitation and regeneration after spinal cord injury.Journal of orthopaedics and traumatology : official journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology · 2022Review
- Brain-computer interface-triggered functional electrical stimulation therapy for rehabilitation of reaching and grasping after spinal cord injury: a feasibility study.Spinal cord series and cases · 2021Article
- Textile Electrodes: Influence of Knitting Construction and Pressure on the Contact Impedance.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- KITE-BCI: A brain-computer interface system for functional electrical stimulation therapy.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionRepeated use of functional electrical stimulation can promote functional recovery in individuals with neurological paralysis. We designed garments able to deliver functional electrical stimulation.
methodsShirts and pants containing electrodes knitted with a conductive yarn were produced. Electrodes were moistened with water before use. Stimulation intensity at four thresholds levels (sensory, movement, full range of motion, and maximal), stimulation comfort, and electrical properties of the interface were tested in one able-bodied subject with garment electrodes and size-matched conventional gel electrodes. The pants and shirt were then used to explore usability and design limitations.
resultsCompared to gel electrodes, fabric electrodes had a lower sensory threshold (on forearm muscles) but they had a higher maximal stimulation threshold (for all tested muscles). The stimulation delivery was comfortable when the garment electrodes were recently moistened; however, as the electrodes dried (within 9 to 18 min) stimulation became unpleasant. Inconsistent water content in the fabric electrodes caused inconsistent intensity thresholds and inconsistent voltage necessary to apply a desired stimulation current. Garments' tightness and impracticality of electrode lead necessitate further design improvement.
conclusionsFabric electrodes offer a promising alternative to gel electrodes. Further work involving people with paralysis is required to overcome the identified challenges.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.