ArticleMagnetic resonance in medical sciences : MRMS : an official journal of Japan Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine2022
4D Flow MR Imaging of the Left Atrium: What is Non-physiological Blood Flow in the Cardiac System?
Article in Magnetic resonance in medical sciences : MRMS : an official journal of Japan Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- 4D Flow MRI Characterization of Left Atrial Vortical Flow in Atrial Fibrillation Following Catheter Ablation.Journal of imaging · 2026Article
- Understanding the Diseased Atria.Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- Understanding Atrial Fibrillation Complexity Through the Lens of Turbulence Dynamics: Implications for Treatment Strategies.Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology · 2026Review
- Automated 4D flow MRI pipeline for the quantification of advanced hemodynamic parameters in the left atrium.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Quantitative Evaluation of Carotid Artery Stenosis by Multi-VENC 4D Flow MRI: Incorporating Turbulent Kinetic Energy for Clinical Validity.Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2025Article
- Hemodynamics of a right ventricular outflow tract aneurysm assessed with 4D flow MRI before and after unilateral pulmonary artery balloon angioplasty: A case report.Radiology case reports · 2025Article
- Intracardiac flow dynamics in mitral regurgitation: state of the art.European heart journal. Imaging methods and practice · 2025Review
- Do blood flow patterns in the left atriums differ between left upper lobectomy and other lobectomies? A computational study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
- Why 4D Flow MRI? Real Advantages.Magnetic resonance in medical sciences : MRMS : an official journal of Japan Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Most cardiac diseases cause a non-physiological blood flow pattern known as turbulence around the heart and great vessels, which further worsen the disease itself. However, there is no consensus on how blood flow can be defined in disease conditions. Especially, in the left atrium, the fact that vortex flow already exists makes this debate more complicated. 3D time-resolved phase-contrast (4D flow) MRI is expected to be able to capture blood flow patterns from multiple aspects, such as blood flow velocity, stasis, and vortex quantification. Previous studies have confirmed that physiological vortex flow is predominantly induced by the higher-volume flow from the superior left pulmonary vein. In atrial fibrillation, 4D flow MRI reveals a non-physiological blood flow pattern, which information may add value to well-established clinical risk factors. Currently, the research target of LA analysis has also widened to lung surgeons, pulmonary vein stump thrombosis after left upper lobectomy. 4D flow MRI is expected to be utilized for many more variable diseases that are currently unimaginable.
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