Trial reportBMJ open gastroenterology2022
Effect of single versus multistrain probiotic in extremely preterm infants: a randomised trial.
Trial report in BMJ open gastroenterology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of probiotics on necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Bifidobacterium infantis as a probiotic in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pediatric research · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- Effect of Probiotics and Therapeutic Additives on the Osmolality of Pasteurized Donor Human Milk.Cureus · 2026Article
- Effect of Synbiotics on Hygienic Quality of Feed and Pork.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Human milk microbiota: origins, determinants, and roles in maternal-infant microbial transmission and infant microbiome assembly.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Deciphering dynamic antibiotics-microbiome-metabolome interactions in preterm infants using systems biology.iScience · 2025Article
- Microbiota-Modulating Strategies in Neonates Undergoing Surgery for Congenital Gastrointestinal Conditions: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Article
- Incidence of probiotic sepsis and morbidity risk in premature infants: a meta-analysis.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Faecal Microbiota Following Probiotics in Infants of Mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Trial: Protocol for Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Milk microbiome transplantation: recolonizing donor milk with mother's own milk microbiota.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Impact ofNutrients · 2024Review
- Probiotics in the New Era of Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs): HMO Utilization and Beneficial Effects ofMicroorganisms · 2024Review
- Article
- Effect of multi-strain bifidobacteria supplementation on intestinal microbiota development in low birth weight neonates: a randomized controlled trial.Bioscience of microbiota, food and health · 2024Article
- Gut microbiome derived short chain fatty acids: Promising strategies in necrotising enterocolitis.Current research in microbial sciences · 2024Article
- The potential of short-chain fatty acid epigenetic regulation in chronic low-grade inflammation and obesity.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Therapeutic Potential of Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolite Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Probiotics to prevent necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants: A network meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveEvidence indicates that multistrain probiotics benefit preterm infants more than single-strain (SS) probiotics. We assessed the effects of SS versus triple-strain (TS) probiotic supplementation (PS) in extremely preterm (EP) infants.
designEP infants (gestational age (GA) <28 weeks) were randomly allocated to TS or SS probiotic, assuring blinding. Reference (REF) group was EP infants in the placebo arm of our previous probiotic trial. PS was commenced with feeds and continued until 37 weeks' corrected GA. Primary outcome was time to full feed (TFF: 150 mL/kg/day). Secondary outcomes included short-chain fatty acids and faecal microbiota collected at T1 (first week) and T2 (after 3 weeks of PS) using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.
results173 EP (SS: 86, TS: 87) neonates with similar GA and birth weight (BW) were randomised. Median TFF was comparable (11 (IQR 8-16) vs 10 (IQR 8-16) days, p=0.92). Faecal propionate (SS, p<0.001, and TS, p=0.0009) and butyrate levels (TS, p=0.029) were significantly raised in T2 versus T1 samples. Secondary clinical outcomes were comparable. At T2, alpha diversity was comparable (p>0.05) between groups, whereas beta-diversity analysis revealed significant differences between PS and REF groups (both p=0.001). Actinobacteria were higher (both p<0.01), and Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were lower in PS versus REF. Gammaproteobacteria, Clostridia and Negativicutes were lower in both PS versus REF.
conclusionTFF in EP infants was similar between SS and TS probiotics. Both probiotics were effective in reducing dysbiosis (higher bifidobacteria and lower Gammaproteobacteria). Long-term significance of increased propionate and butyrate needs further studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ACTRN 12615000940572.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.