ReviewBMJ health & care informatics2022
Developing, implementing and governing artificial intelligence in medicine: a step-by-step approach to prevent an artificial intelligence winter.
Review in BMJ health & care informatics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The role of AI-assisted drug repurposing in neurological disorders: a systematic review of validation strategies, challenges and opportunities.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- From bytes to bedside: a systematic review on the use and readiness of artificial intelligence in the neonatal and pediatric intensive care unit.Intensive care medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Using machine learning or deep learning models in a hospital setting to detect inappropriate prescriptions: a systematic review.European journal of hospital pharmacy : science and practice · 2024Pooled it
- AI Quality Standards in Health Care: Rapid Umbrella Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Pooled it
- Systematic review and longitudinal analysis of implementing Artificial Intelligence to predict clinical deterioration in adult hospitals: what is known and what remains uncertain.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2024Pooled it
- Real-World Implementation and Evaluation of AI-Driven Clinical Decision Support in Emergency Medicine: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Challenges and Recommendations in Regulating AI Medical Devices in the European Union: A Scoping Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A Locally Executable AI System for Improving Preoperative Patient Communication: Multidomain Clinical Evaluation.JMIR medical informatics · 2026Article
- Development and Evaluation of a Custom GPT-Based Artificial Intelligence Clinical Decision Support System for Emergency Department Interdepartmental Consultation Automation.Healthcare informatics research · 2026Article
- Governance for safe and responsible AI in healthcare organisations: a scoping review of frameworks.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- [Regression analysis to calculate the time point of ROSC-A feasibility study].Die Anaesthesiologie · 2026Article
- Signs and symptoms indicating the transition to the palliative phase in patients with COPD and heart failure in primary healthcare: a mixed-methods study.BMC palliative care · 2026Article
- Advancing healthcare AI governance through a comprehensive maturity model based on systematic review.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- From peripheral blood to tumor microenvironment: spatial dimension deficiency and paradigm reconstruction in immunotherapy biomarker research.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Humanizing the pediatric intensive care unit through new technologies and artificial intelligence.Frontiers in health services · 2026Article
- Development and validation of an interpretable predictive machine learning model for successful weaning of continuous renal replacement therapy.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Accelerating Digital Mental Health: The Society of Digital Psychiatry's Three-Pronged Road Map for Education, Digital Navigators, and AI.JMIR mental health · 2025Article
- Mindbench.ai: an actionable platform to evaluate the profile and performance of large language models in a mental healthcare context.NPP - digital psychiatry and neuroscience · 2025Article
- Artificial intelligence tool development: what clinicians need to know?BMC medicine · 2025Review
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveAlthough the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine is increasingly studied, most patients do not benefit because the majority of AI models remain in the testing and prototyping environment. The development and implementation trajectory of clinical AI models are complex and a structured overview is missing. We therefore propose a step-by-step overview to enhance clinicians' understanding and to promote quality of medical AI research.
methodsWe summarised key elements (such as current guidelines, challenges, regulatory documents and good practices) that are needed to develop and safely implement AI in medicine.
conclusionThis overview complements other frameworks in a way that it is accessible to stakeholders without prior AI knowledge and as such provides a step-by-step approach incorporating all the key elements and current guidelines that are essential for implementation, and can thereby help to move AI from bytes to bedside.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.