ArticlePsycho-oncology2022
The role of psychosocial variables in breast self-examination practice: Results from focus group discussions in Surabaya, Indonesia.
Article in Psycho-oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- What is the uptake rate of breast self-examination in Iranian women? Estimation based on systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC women's health · 2023Pooled it
- Breast Health Education as a Motivator for Breast Self-Examination Practice in High-Risk Women: Grounded Theory Analysis.Asian/Pacific Island nursing journal · 2026Article
- Review
- The role of psychosocial variables in breast self-examination practice: Results from focus group discussions in Surabaya, Indonesia.Psycho-oncology · 2022Article
- Breast self-examination as a route to early detection in a lower-middle-income country: assessing psychosocial determinants among women in Surabaya, Indonesia.BMC women's health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionBreast cancer is a global life-threatening disease. Breast self-examination (BSE) followed by timely diagnosis and treatment is a viable screening method for populations with limited health care access such as Indonesia. Knowledge of the beliefs underlying BSE could benefit the development of future health education efforts to promote BSE and breast cancer awareness among Indonesian women, with the ultimate aim to achieve early detection and promote long-term survivals. The purpose of this study was to explore the underlying beliefs of BSE among women in Surabaya, Indonesia in accordance with the reasoned action approach (RAA) framework. Moreover, we investigated what these women considered an effective approach to improve breast awareness and promote BSE in their social networks.
methodThe participants included 62 women aged 18-55 (M = 32,9) in Surabaya, Indonesia who were divided into nine focus groups. Directed content analysis was employed to analyze the data.
resultsSix psychosocial determinants of performing BSE emerged from the analysis: knowledge, attitude and beliefs, risk perception, norms, perceived behavior control, and intention. Furthermore, the participants identified face-to-face meetings with visual media and healthcare professionals as effective channels to enhance breast awareness.
conclusionThis study sheds light on the application of the RAA for BSE, and reveals the importance of face-to-face meetings involving healthcare professionals and women's social networks for breast education.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.