ArticleAnnals of intensive care2022
Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) indicated frailty is associated with increased in-hospital and 30-day mortality in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Article in Annals of intensive care, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prognostic Factors of COVID-19: An Umbrella Review Endorsed by the International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of telemedicine-delivered lifestyle interventions in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide two-arm randomized trial (PROACTIVE-19).GeroScience · 2026Article
- The Mediating Role of Hypoalbuminemia in the Association Between Frailty and Poor Outcomes in Stroke Patients.Nursing open · 2026Article
- Identifying direct risk factors in UK Biobank via simultaneous Bayesian-frequentist model-averaged hypothesis testing using Doublethink.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Early Detection of Palliative Care Needs in Critically Ill Patients Using the NECPAL Tool.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Association of preoperative cognitive frailty with postoperative complications in older patients under general anesthesia: a prospective cohort study.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
- Agreement and predictive value of the clinical frailty scale in hospitalized older patients.European geriatric medicine · 2024Article
- Frailty as a Predictor of COVID-19 Mortality in the South Indian Population: An Observational Study.Cureus · 2024Article
- Long-term outcomes of older adults with acute COVID-19 following inpatient geriatric rehabilitation: a prospective cohort study from the Republic of Ireland.Irish journal of medical science · 2024Article
- Frailty assessment in critically ill older adults: a narrative review.Annals of intensive care · 2024Review
- Association Between Frailty and Management and Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock.JACC. Advances · 2024Article
- Frailty and In-Hospital Outcomes for Management of Cardiogenic Shock without Acute Myocardial Infarction.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Long-term, patient-centered, frailty-based outcomes of older critical illness survivors from the emergency department: a post hoc analysis of the LIFE Study.BMC geriatrics · 2024Observational
- Comparison of different prognostic scores in estimating short- and long-term mortality in COVID-19 patients above 60 years old in a university hospital in Belgium.European geriatric medicine · 2023Observational
- Impact of frailty on the performance of the National Early Warning Score 2 to predict poor outcome in patients hospitalised due to COVID-19.BMC geriatrics · 2023Article
- Long COVID and hypertension-related disorders: a report from the Japanese Society of Hypertension Project Team on COVID-19.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2023Review
- Review
- Two Years with COVID-19: The Electronic Frailty Index Identifies High-Risk Patients in the Stockholm GeroCovid Study.Gerontology · 2023Article
- Association between a Frailty Index from Common Laboratory Values and Vital Signs (FI-LAB) and Hospital and Post-Hospital Outcomes in Veterans with COVID-19 Infection.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2023Article
- Geriatric syndromes and functions in older adults with COVID-19 hospitalized in sub-acute care: a multicenter study.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2023Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe concept of frailty provides an age-independent, easy-to-use tool for risk stratification. We aimed to summarize the evidence on the efficacy of frailty tools in risk assessment in COVID-19 patients.
methodsThe protocol was registered (CRD42021241544). Studies reporting on frailty in COVID-19 patients were eligible. The main outcomes were mortality, length of hospital stay (LOH) and intensive care unit (ICU) admission in frail and non-frail COVID-19 patients. Frailty was also compared in survivors and non-survivors. Five databases were searched up to 24th September 2021. The QUIPS tool was used for the risk of bias assessment. Odds ratios (OR) and weighted mean differences (WMD) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a random effect model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I
resultsFrom 3640 records identified, 54 were included in the qualitative and 42 in the quantitative synthesis. Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) was used in 46 studies, the Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) by 4, the Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI) by 3 and three studies used other scores. We found that patients with frailty (CFS 4-9 or HFRS ≥ 5) have a higher risk of mortality (CFS: OR: 3.12; CI 2.56-3.81; HFRS OR: 1.98; CI 1.89-2.07). Patients with frailty (CFS 4-9) were less likely to be admitted to ICU (OR 0.28, CI 0.12-0.64). Quantitative synthesis for LOH was not feasible. Most studies carried a high risk of bias.
conclusionsAs determined by CFS, frailty is strongly associated with mortality; hence, frailty-based patient management should be included in international COVID-19 treatment guidelines. Future studies investigating the role of frailty assessment on deciding ICU admission are strongly warranted.
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