ArticleEnfermeria clinica2022
Factors associated with prenatal stress and anxiety in pregnant women during COVID-19 in Spain.
Article in Enfermeria clinica, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative Analysis of the Occurrence of Depression, Stress, and Anxiety in Pregnant Women Requiring Hospitalization and Those Not Hospitalized.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- The interaction of second trimester prenatal maternal inflammation and psychosocial stress on offspring depressive symptoms in adolescence.Brain behavior and immunity integrative · 2024Article
- Trajectories of distress from pregnancy to 15-months post-partum during the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Anxiety, Stress, and Social Support in Pregnant Women in the Province of Leon during COVID-19 Disease.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Proportion of Late Pregnant Women with Anxiety Symptom under COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan.JMA journal · 2022Article
- The mediating effect of resilience on pregnancy stress and prenatal anxiety in pregnant women.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aim of the studyTo describe prenatal stress and state anxiety levels in pregnant women living in Spain during the lockdown of the first wave of COVID-19 and its relation with obstetric factors, perception of health care, and concerns about the socio-sanitary situation.
methodsThe present study is an observational, correlational, and cross-sectional quantitative study. The participants in the study were pregnant women recruited through non-probabilistic convenience and snowball sampling during the lockdown. A web link was provided to an online questionnaire designed for this research, which collected socio-demographic and obstetric variables, perceptions of health care received during the pandemic and preoccupations associated with COVID-19. It also included the Prenatal Stress Questionnaire (PDQ) and the State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S).
resultsBased on the responses of 695 pregnant women, the results showed a mean of 16.98 (SD = 25.20) of prenatal stress and elevated levels of anxiety (M = 25.20/SD = 11.07) in the first wave of the pandemic. Risk factors for prenatal stress and anxiety were the level of preoccupation associated with COVID-19 and previous mental health issues. A specific risk factor for anxiety was having more than one child and a protective factor were perceiving accessibility and availability of health care, with clear and consistent pregnancy care and follow-up protocols.
conclusionsThe lockdown period for COVID-19 was a stressful experience for pregnant women, highlighting the need to address their psychological well-being through clear and coherent protocols in terms of maternal-foetal health control and follow-up.
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