ArticlePopulation health metrics2022
Estimating district HIV prevalence in Zambia using small-area estimation methods (SAE).
Article in Population health metrics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Determinants of retention into HIV care among adolescents living with HIV in two selected districts in Copperbelt Province of Zambia.Journal of public health research · 2026Article
- Factors associated with circulating levels of IL-17A in a high HIV-burden population.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Timing of antiretroviral treatment initiation and seropositivity to measles virus among children living with HIV in rural Zambia.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Alarmingly high recent human immunodeficiency virus infection burden among newly diagnosed individuals in Mongu District, Zambia.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2026Article
- Incidence and correlates of chronic anemia in people living with HIV Initiating ART: An exploratory five-year retrospective cohort of patients retained in care.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Disaggregated level child morbidity in Zambia: an application of small area estimation method.Population health metrics · 2025Article
- Estimating the Population Size of People Who Inject Drugs in 3 Cities in Zambia: Capture-Recapture, Successive Sampling, and Bayesian Consensus Estimation Methods.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Article
- HIV-1 prevalence, drug resistance, and associated factors in the urban Ethiopian population.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Perceptions of COVID-19 and HIV Risk and Related Preventive Health Behaviors in Rural Zambia.Journal of prevention (2022) · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the SKILLZ intervention to promote HIV testing and contraception uptake in adolescent girls in Lusaka, Zambia: A cluster-randomized trial.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- The current status of genetic biofortification in alleviating malnutrition in Africa.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2024Review
- Assessment of antimicrobial resistance laboratory-based surveillance capacity of hospitals in Zambia: findings and implications for system strengthening.The Journal of hospital infection · 2024Article
- Community antibiotic consumption and associated factors in Lusaka district of Zambia: findings and implications for antimicrobial resistance and stewardship.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2024Article
- Mapping the spatial disparities of HIV prevalence in Ethiopian zones using the generalized additive model.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Geospatial patterns of progress towards UNAIDS '95-95-95' targets and community vulnerability in Zambia: insights from population-based HIV impact assessments.BMJ global health · 2023Article
- Small-area estimation and analysis of HIV/AIDS indicators for precise geographical targeting of health interventions in Nigeria. a spatial microsimulation approach.International journal of health geographics · 2023Article
- Geospatial Patterns of Progress towards UNAIDS "95-95-95" Targets and Community Vulnerability in Zambia.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Knowledge, attitude, and practices toward infection prevention and control among undergraduate pharmacy students in Zambia: findings and implications.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2023Article
- Evidence of Community-Wide Spread of Multi-Drug ResistantMicroorganisms · 2022Article
- Health care seeking in modern urban LMIC settings: evidence from Lusaka, Zambia.BMC public health · 2022Article
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5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe HIV/AIDS pandemic has had a very devastating impact at a global level, with the Eastern and Southern African region being the hardest hit. The considerable geographical variation in the pandemic means varying impact of the disease in different settings, requiring differentiated interventions. While information on the prevalence of HIV at regional and national levels is readily available, the burden of the disease at smaller area levels, where health services are organized and delivered, is not well documented. This affects the targeting of HIV resources. There is need, therefore, for studies to estimate HIV prevalence at appropriate levels to improve HIV-related planning and resource allocation.
methodsWe estimated the district-level prevalence of HIV using Small-Area Estimation (SAE) technique by utilizing the 2016 Zambia Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment Survey (ZAMPHIA) data and auxiliary data from the 2010 Zambian Census of Population and Housing and the HIV sentinel surveillance data from selected antenatal care clinics (ANC). SAE models were fitted in R Programming to ascertain the best HIV predicting model. We then used the Fay-Herriot (FH) model to obtain weighted, more precise and reliable HIV prevalence for all the districts.
resultsThe results revealed variations in the district HIV prevalence in Zambia, with the prevalence ranging from as low as 4.2% to as high as 23.5%. Approximately 32% of the districts (n = 24) had HIV prevalence above the national average, with one district having almost twice as much prevalence as the national level. Some rural districts have very high HIV prevalence rates.
conclusionsHIV prevalence in Zambian is highest in districts located near international borders, along the main transit routes and adjacent to other districts with very high prevalence. The variations in the burden of HIV across districts in Zambia point to the need for a differentiated approach in HIV programming within the country. HIV resources need to be prioritized toward districts with high population mobility.
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