SynthesisThe Science of the total environment2022
Occurrence of viruses in sewage sludge: A systematic review.
Synthesis in The Science of the total environment, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Epidemiology of Rotavirus in Humans, Animals, and the Environment in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Occurrence of Hepatitis A Virus in Water Matrices: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- High Detection Frequency of Enteric Pathogens: Insight from Wastewater-Based Epidemiology (WBE) Surveillance Approach in Dakar, Senegal.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Common Environmental Hazards and Male Infertility: Effects on Epididymal Immune Microenvironment.Toxics · 2026Review
- Wastewater concentrations of rotavirus RNA are associated with infection and vaccination metrics in the USA.Npj viruses · 2025Article
- An environmental sampling and community-driven methodology to understand and address risks from sanitary sewer overflows and basement backups.Journal of water and health · 2025Article
- Characterization of Human Viral Diversity and Adenovirus Isolates in a Sewage Treatment Plant in Tianjin: Implications for Public Health and Advanced Monitoring.Food and environmental virology · 2025Article
- Pulverized Sewage Sludge Combustion with Potassium Chloride AdditionFate of Phosphorus, Potassium, Sulfur, and Heavy Metals.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Article
- Perspectives on innovative non-fertilizer applications of sewage sludge for mitigating environmental and health hazards.Communications engineering · 2024Review
- Surveillance of influenza A and B viruses from community and hospital wastewater treatment plants.Environmental microbiology reports · 2024Article
- Assessment of Gastroenteric Viruses in Marketed Bivalve Mollusks in the Tourist Cities of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2022.Viruses · 2024Article
- Circulation of adenovirus and other viruses in urban drainage channels: an environmental surveillance in Belém, Amazon region, Brazil.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2023Article
- Predictive potential of SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentration in wastewater to assess the dynamics of COVID-19 clinical outcomes and infections.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Review
- Comparative evaluation of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral load from campus sewage water.Journal of environmental chemical engineering · 2023Article
- Contemporary Drift in Emerging Micro(nano)plastics Removal and Upcycling Technologies from Municipal Wastewater Sludge: Strategic Innovations and Prospects.Current pollution reports · 2023Review
- A critical review on the existing wastewater treatment methods in the COVID-19 era: What is the potential of advanced oxidation processes in combatting viral especially SARS-CoV-2?Journal of water process engineering · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Enteric viruses are of great importance in wastewater due to their high excretion from infected individuals, low removal in wastewater treatment processes, long-time survival in the environment, and low infectious dose. Among the other viruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) surveillance in wastewater systems has received particular attention as a result of the current COVID-19 epidemic. Viruses adhering to solid particles in wastewater treatment processes will end up as sewage sludge, and therefore insufficient sludge treatment may result in viral particles dissemination into the environment. Here, we review data on viruses' presence in sewage sludge, their detection and concentration methods, and information on human health issues associated with sewage sludge land application. We used combinations of the following keywords in the Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), and PubMed databases, which were published between 2010 and January 21th, 2022: sludge (sewage sludge, biosolids, sewage solids, wastewater solids) and virus (enteric virus, viral particles, viral contamination, SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus). The sources were searched twice, once with and then without the common enteric virus names (adenovirus, rotavirus, norovirus, enterovirus, hepatitis A virus). Studies suggest adenovirus and norovirus as the most prevalent enteric viruses in sewage sludge. Indeed, other viruses include rotavirus, hepatitis A virus, and enterovirus were frequently found in sewage sludge samples. Untreated biological sludge and thickened sludge showed more viral contamination level than digested sludge and the lowest prevalence of viruses was reported in lime stabilized sludge. The review reveals that land application of sewage sludge may pose viral infection risks to people due to accidently ingestion of sludge or intake of crops grown in biosolids amended soil. Moreover, contamination of groundwater and/or surface water may occur due to land application of sewage sludge.
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Registered trials
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