ArticleCancer genomics & proteomics
HLA-E and HLA-F Are Overexpressed in Glioblastoma and HLA-E Increased After Exposure to Ionizing Radiation.
Article in Cancer genomics & proteomics. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Last Licensed Non-Classical Peptide Presenter HLA-F: Its Occurrence, Immunoediting Significance, and Possible Therapeutic Implications in Renal Cell Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- A fully human pan VL9 HLA-E TCRm antibody enables functional dissection of HLA-E biology and checkpoint signaling.iScience · 2026Article
- HLA-E as an Emerging Checkpoint and Biomarker in Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy.Current medical science · 2026Review
- Review
- Single-cell and spatial analysis reveals macrophage-T cell crosstalk in non-small cell lung cancer immunosuppression.Translational lung cancer research · 2025Article
- Roles of the phagocytosis checkpoint in radiotherapy.Cell death & disease · 2025Review
- Killing the killers: Natural killer cell therapy targeting glioma stem cells in high-grade glioma.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Review
- Targeting of Non-Classical Human Leukocyte Antigens as Novel Therapeutic Strategies in Cancer.Cancers · 2024Review
- Targeting HLA-E in Lung Cancer: The Therapeutic Potential of IRF5-Engineered M1-Macrophage-Derived Exosomes.The clinical respiratory journal · 2024Article
- Prospective Molecular Targets for Natural Killer Cell Immunotherapy against Glioblastoma Multiforme.Cells · 2024Review
- Diversity in the HLA-I Recognition of HLA-F Monoclonal Antibodies: HLA-F or HLA-Ib Monospecific, HLA-E or HLA-G Bispecific Antibodies with or without HLA-Ia Reactivity.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- PACIFIC-9: Phase III trial of durvalumab + oleclumab or monalizumab in unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer.Future oncology (London, England) · 2024Article
- Unveiling the Immunogenicity of Ovarian Tumors as the Crucial Catalyst for Therapeutic Success.Cancers · 2023Review
- Polymorphisms of Killer Ig-like Receptors and the Risk of Glioblastoma.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Killer instincts: natural killer cells as multifactorial cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Disruption of the NKG2A:HLA-E Immune Checkpoint Axis to Enhance NK Cell Activation against Cancer.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Sequence Variations WithinFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
aimGlioblastoma (GBM) is one of the deadliest human cancers responding very poorly to therapy. Although the central nervous system has been traditionally considered an immunologically privileged site with an enhanced immune response, GBM appears to benefit from this immunosuppressive milieu. Immunomodulatory molecules play an important role in immune tumor-host interactions. Non-classical human leukocyte antigens (HLA) class Ib molecules HLA-E, HLA-F, and HLA-G have been previously described to be involved in protecting semi-allogeneic fetal allografts from the maternal immune response and in transplant tolerance as well as tumoral immune escape. Unfortunately, their role in GBM remains poorly understood. Our study, therefore, aimed to characterize the relationship between the expression of these molecules in GBM on the transcriptional level and clinicopathological and molecular features of GBM as well as the effect of ionizing radiation. MATERIALS AND
methodsWe performed the analysis of HLA-E, HLA-F, and HLA-G mRNA expression in 69 GBM tissue samples and 21 non-tumor brain tissue samples (controls) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, two primary GBM cell cultures had been irradiated to identify the effect of ionizing radiation on the expression of non-classical HLA molecules.
resultsAnalyses revealed that both HLA-E and HLA-F are significantly up-regulated in GBM samples. Subsequent survival analysis showed a significant association between low expression of HLA-E and shorter survival of GBM patients. The dysregulated expression of both molecules was also observed between patients with methylated and unmethylated O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter. Finally, we showed that ionizing radiation increased HLA-E expression level in GBM cells in vitro.
conclusionHLA-E and HLA-F play an important role in GBM biology and could be used as diagnostic biomarkers, and in the case of HLA-E also as a prognostic biomarker.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.