ArticleScience advances2022
Exosome-mediated genetic reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages by exoASO-STAT6 leads to potent monotherapy antitumor activity.
Article in Science advances, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 155 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
155 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 230 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tumour-derived exosomes in liver metastasis: A Pandora's box.Cell proliferation · 2023Pooled it
- Current status of extracellular vesicle technology in industrialization and commercialization.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Smart drug delivery systems for immunotherapeutic agents: focus on biological/biogenic platform-based intelligent delivery in cancer immunotherapy.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Review
- In Vivo Direct Reprogramming: Current Progress and Future Prospects from Mechanisms to Therapeutic Application.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Next-generation macrophage engineering in cancer therapy: From TAM reprogramming to CAR-macrophages.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Review
- Spatiotemporal Sequential Delivery of Chidamide Regulates Macrophage Reprogramming in Lymphoma Microenvironment Through HDACs-STAT3 Pathway.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Transcription factors remodel tumor immune microenvironment by impacting multiple immune cells.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicle-based delivery systems for nucleic acid therapeutics.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Macrophage Plasticity: Phenotypic and Functional Profiles Across Pathological Microenvironments.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- M2 macrophage-derived exosomes delivering haptoglobin and interleukin-10 plasmids for synergistic therapy of intracerebral hemorrhage.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Engineering exosomes for cancer therapy - Modification technologies and subcellular targeting strategies: A review.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Review
- Encapsulating GSH/NQO1-responsive SN38 prodrug micelles with Timosaponin AIII-based multifunctional liposomes for tumor-targeted chemotherapy.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Article
- Nanotechnology-driven STING regulation for on-demand therapy.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Exosomes from tumor-associated macrophages promote glycolysis and malignant NSCLC progression by delivery of hsa_circ_0000896.Biology direct · 2026Article
- Abnormal glycosylation of MUC20 mediates TAM polarization and promotes immune escape in colorectal cancer.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Antisense Oligonucleotides: Technological Advances, Clinical Progress, and Expanding Therapeutic Frontiers.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Synergistic Mn-MOF Activation of Pistol Ribozymes for Cancer Immunotherapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- STAT6: Multidimensional analysis from hematopoietic immune regulation to pathogenesis mechanisms and therapeutic targets in hematologic malignancies.Annals of hematology · 2026Review
- The avatar principle: exosomal dynamics guiding tumor adaptation and next-generation therapeutic strategies.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
95 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Effectiveness of checkpoint immunotherapy in cancer can be undermined by immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) with an M2 phenotype. Reprogramming TAMs toward a proinflammatory M1 phenotype is a novel approach to induce antitumor immunity. The M2 phenotype is controlled by key transcription factors such as signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6), which have been "undruggable" selectively in TAMs. We describe an engineered exosome therapeutic candidate delivering an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) targeting STAT6 (exoASO-STAT6), which selectively silences STAT6 expression in TAMs. In syngeneic models of colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma, exoASO-STAT6 monotherapy results in >90% tumor growth inhibition and 50 to 80% complete remissions. Administration of exoASO-STAT6 leads to induction of nitric oxide synthase 2 (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.