ArticleActa ophthalmologica2022
Choroidal arteriovenous anastomoses: a hypothesis for the pathogenesis of central serous chorioretinopathy and other pachychoroid disease spectrum abnormalities.
Article in Acta ophthalmologica, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Seasonal variation in the incidence of central serous chorioretinopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Pooled it
- Pregnancy as a risk factor for central serous chorioretinopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Pooled it
- Long-term follow-up of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy patients receiving oral eplerenone and half-dose photodynamic therapy in the SPECTRA trial: SPECTRA trial report No. 4.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Trial
- Ultra-widefield indocyanine green angiography findings of vortex veins in central serous chorioretinopathy.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Longitudinal and cross-sectional study of retinal and choroidal changes in primary aldosteronism.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Prognostic value of foveal choroidal vascular hyperpermeability on indocyanine green angiography in central serous chorioretinopathy.Eye (London, England) · 2026Observational
- GWAS Meta-analysis Identifies Novel Associated Loci and Points to Causal Tissues in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Three-dimensional choroidal vessels assessment in central serous chorioretinopathy.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Pachychoroid diseases of the macula: an update.Medical hypothesis, discovery & innovation ophthalmology journal · 2026Review
- Hypercortisolism and ocular microcirculation: exploring retinal and choroidal remodeling in Cushing's disease.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- A Novel Panmacular Strategy for Subthreshold Micropulse Laser in CSC: Two-Year Functional and Morphological Outcomes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Prevalence of central serous chorioretinopathy in Denmark.Acta ophthalmologica · 2025Article
- Outcome and safety of multiple photodynamic therapy sessions in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.Acta ophthalmologica · 2025Article
- Global Incidence of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Forecasting Study.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Article
- Three-Dimensional Choroidal Vessels Assessment in Fellow Eyes of Patients With Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Three-Dimensional Characteristics of Choroidal Vasculature Associated With Filling Delay in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Pachychoroid disease: review and update.Eye (London, England) · 2025Review
- Peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome, a different pathway in venous remodelling of the choroidal vasculature.American journal of ophthalmology case reports · 2025Article
- The effect of heart rate variability on the choroidal vascularity of the optical coherence tomography and angiography in central serous chorioretinopathy.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Article
- Choroidal arterial abnormality in central serous chorioretinopathy.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The pachychoroid disease spectrum (PDS) includes several chorioretinal diseases that share specific choroidal abnormalities. Although their pathophysiological basis is poorly understood, diseases that are part of the PDS have been hypothesized to be the result of venous congestion. Within the PDS, central serous chorioretinopathy is the most common condition associated with vision loss, due to an accumulation of subretinal fluid in the macula. Central serous chorioretinopathy is characterized by distinct risk factors, most notably a high prevalence in males and exposure to corticosteroids. Interestingly, sex differences and corticosteroids are also strongly associated with specific types of arteriovenous anastomoses in the human body, including dural arteriovenous fistula and surgically created arteriovenous shunts. In this manuscript, we assess the potential of such arteriovenous anastomoses in the choroid as a causal mechanism of the PDS. We propose how this may provide a novel unifying concept on the pathophysiological basis of the PDS, and present cases in which this mechanism may play a role.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.