ArticleCureus2022
Long-term Immunity Against Hepatitis B Virus After Routine Immunization Among Adults Visiting Primary Care Centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Article in Cureus, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-term immune protection after infant hepatitis B vaccination in children.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Patient awareness of viral hepatitis infection in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Towards Hepatitis B Infection and HBV Vaccine Among the Healthy Population in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Epidemiology of Viral Infectious Diseases Reported in Saudi Arabia.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2024Article
- Epidemiologic and clinical updates on viral infections in Saudi Arabia.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2024Article
- Seroprevalence Study of Anti-HBs Antibodies in the General Population of Vojvodina, Serbia.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Prevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections in Saudi Arabia blood donors: A nationwide, cross-sectional study.Saudi medical journal · 2022Article
- Persistence of hepatitis B surface antibody to hepatitis B vaccine among medical college students in Najran University, Saudi Arabia.Bioinformation · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to determine the persistence of induced immunity against hepatitis B virus (HBV) among adults routinely vaccinated during their infancy and correlate the level of induced immunity with participant characteristics. Methodology This was a cross-sectional study conducted among visitors to primary care centers of the Ministry of Health (MOH) in Riyadh, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) during the period from August 2020 to January 2021. The study population included healthy adults of both genders who had received full doses of the HBV vaccine in infancy. Data related to participant characteristics were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. A blood sample was then taken from each participant to measure the serum level of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibodies against HBsAg (anti-HBs), and antibodies against hepatitis B core antigen (ani-HBc). Results A total of 400 subjects participated in the study; the mean age of the cohort was 25 years. Almost all of them were Saudis (99.30%), and more than half (57.50%) were males. Only 24.30% had an anti-HBs antibodies level of ≥10 IU/L, and all respondents were negative for HBs antigen. No significant association between participant characteristics and anti-HBs antibody levels was found. Conclusion A decline in immunity many years after HBV vaccinations taken in infancy has been well-documented. However, for low-risk populations, the boosting of HBV vaccines is probably unnecessary since the immune memory provides sufficient protection despite low or undetectable anti-HBs antibodies.
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