ReviewFrontiers in neurology2021
Update on the Pathogenesis, Clinical Diagnosis, and Treatment of Hirayama Disease.
Review in Frontiers in neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Imaging spectrum and diagnostic insights in Hirayama disease: A case series.Radiology case reports · 2026Article
- Hirayama disease in a young Indonesian male: a case report.Journal of spine surgery (Hong Kong) · 2026Article
- Hirayama Disease: Latest Insights into an Intriguing Disorder.Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology · 2026Article
- Dynamic Cervical Myelopathy Misleading on Neutral Imaging: The Role of Flexion-Extension MRI.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Hirayama disease: an uncommon cause of motor neuron disease.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2026Article
- Hirayama disease - A case report and literature review.Surgical neurology international · 2026Article
- Hirayama and Granuloma-The Affinity Saga.Asian journal of neurosurgery · 2025Article
- Hirayama disease: a rare cause of cervical myelopathy.Oxford medical case reports · 2025Article
- Cervical lower motor neuron syndrome caused by cervicothoracic dural arteriovenous fistula: illustrative case.Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons · 2025Article
- In-Depth Understanding of Hirayama Disease: Dural Detachment Beyond Cervical Spine.Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology · 2025Article
- Article
- Correlation Study Between Spinal Cord Function, Spinal Cord Morphology and Cervical Spine Alignments in Patients With Hirayama Disease.Global spine journal · 2024Article
- Hirayama Disease in a Young Male: A Case Report.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association · 2024Article
- Article
- Characteristics of Hirayama Disease in Young South Korean Soldiers.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2024Article
- Hirayama's disease associated with cervical deformity and spinal cord compression: a case report from Sweden.Acta neurochirurgica · 2024Article
- A Practical Guide to Identify Patients With Multifocal Motor Neuropathy, a Treatable Immune-Mediated Neuropathy.Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes · 2024Review
- Laminoplasty with tented duraplasty for Hirayama disease.Acta neurochirurgica · 2024Article
- Postural Tremor Caused by Hirayama Disease Mimicking Essential Tremor.Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Prevalence of Neuromuscular Diseases in Young South Korean Males; A Korean Military Manpower Administration and Medical Command Data-Based Study.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hirayama disease (HD) is characterized by the juvenile onset of unilateral or asymmetric weakness and amyotrophy of the hand and ulnar forearm and is most common in males in Asia. A perception of compliance with previous standards of diagnosis and treatment appears to be challenged, so the review is to update on HD. First, based on existing theory, the factors related to HD includes, (1) cervical cord compression during cervical flexion, (2) immunological factors, and (3) other musculoskeletal dynamic factors. Then, we review the clinical manifestations: typically, (1) distal weakness and wasting in one or both upper extremities, (2) insidious onset and initial progression for 3-5 years, (3) coarse tremors in the fingers, (4) cold paralysis, and (5) absence of objective sensory loss; and atypically, (1) positive pyramidal signs, (2) atrophy of the muscles of the proximal upper extremity, (3) long progression, and (4) sensory deficits. Next, updated manifestations of imaging are reviewed, (1) asymmetric spinal cord flattening, and localized lower cervical spinal cord atrophy, (2) loss of attachment between the posterior dural sac and the subjacent lamina, (3) forward displacement of the posterior wall of the cervical dural sac, (4) intramedullary high signal intensity in the anterior horn cells on T2-weighted imaging, and (5) straight alignment or kyphosis of cervical spine. Thus, the main manifestations of eletrophysiological examinations in HD include segmental neurogenic damages of anterior horn cells or anterior roots of the spinal nerve located in the lower cervical spinal cord, without disorder of the sensory nerves. In addition, definite HD needs three-dimensional diagnostic framework above, while probable HD needs to exclude other diseases
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